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git query file changes

王林

May 20, 2023 am 10:34 AM

During the development process, we often need to check file changes, and Git is a powerful version control tool that provides a variety of ways to help us query file changes.

1. View the version history of a certain file

Using the Git command line, you can view the version history of a certain file through the following command:

$ git log 文件路径

For example, we want To view the version history of the file index.html, you can enter the following command:

$ git log index.html

This will display all submission records related to the file, and the display result will be similar to the following information:

commit a8e15de3d1d741ff7d6b8ca65107eac875f72dbf (HEAD -> master)
Author: John Doe <johndoe@example.com>
Date:   Fri Jun 18 14:06:11 2021 +0800

    Update index.html

commit 42b8df272a7f0f113a3dabb376e9b6b113cba302
Author: John Doe <johndoe@example.com>
Date:   Thu Jun 17 16:47:53 2021 +0800

    Add index.html

Each of them Each submission record corresponds to a version, including information such as the submitted author, time, and submission instructions.

2. Check the specific changes of a certain file

Sometimes, we only need to check the specific changes of a certain file. You can use the following command:

$ git log -p 文件路径

For example, If we want to view the specific changes to the file index.html, we can enter the following command:

$ git log -p index.html

This will display the specific changes to the file for each submission record, and the display result will be similar to the following information:

commit a8e15de3d1d741ff7d6b8ca65107eac875f72dbf (HEAD -> master)
Author: John Doe <johndoe@example.com>
Date:   Fri Jun 18 14:06:11 2021 +0800

    Update index.html

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
index 7f3e5c2..181575f 100644
--- a/index.html
+++ b/index.html
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 <!doctype html>
 <html>
 <head>
-    <title>Hello World</title>
+    <title>Welcome to My Site</title>
 </head>
 <body>
     <h1 id="Hello-World">Hello World</h1>
     <p>This is a sample website.</p>
     <p>It is still under construction.</p>
 </body>
 </html>

commit 42b8df272a7f0f113a3dabb376e9b6b113cba302
Author: John Doe <johndoe@example.com>
Date:   Thu Jun 17 16:47:53 2021 +0800

    Add index.html

diff --git a/index.html b/index.html
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7f3e5c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/index.html
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+<!doctype html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <title>Hello World</title>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h1 id="Hello-World">Hello World</h1>
+    <p>This is a sample website.</p>
+    <p>It is still under construction.</p>
+</body>
+</html>

Among them, the content after "@@" indicates the specific location and content of the change.

3. View the modifiers of a certain file

If you want to view the modifiers of a certain file, you can use the following command:

$ git blame 文件路径

For example, we want to view the file Modifiers of index.html can enter the following command:

$ git blame index.html

This will display information such as the modifier and modification time of each line of code. The displayed result is similar to the following information:

42b8df27 (John Doe 2021-06-17 16:47:53 +0800 1) <!doctype html>
42b8df27 (John Doe 2021-06-17 16:47:53 +0800 2) <html>
42b8df27 (John Doe 2021-06-17 16:47:53 +0800 3) <head>
42b8df27 (John Doe 2021-06-17 16:47:53 +0800 4)     <title>Hello World</title>
42b8df27 (John Doe 2021-06-17 16:47:53 +0800 5) </head>
42b8df27 (John Doe 2021-06-17 16:47:53 +0800 6) <body>
42b8df27 (John Doe 2021-06-17 16:47:53 +0800 7)     <h1 id="Hello-World">Hello World</h1>
...
a8e15de3 (John Doe 2021-06-18 14:06:11 +0800  23)     <title>Welcome to My Site</title>
a8e15de3 (John Doe 2021-06-18 14:06:11 +0800  24) </head>
a8e15de3 (John Doe 2021-06-18 14:06:11 +0800  25) <body>
a8e15de3 (John Doe 2021-06-18 14:06:11 +0800  26)     <h1 id="Hello-World">Hello World</h1>
...

where , the string of characters in front of each line of code is the hash value of the submission record where the line of code is located, and the following information is the modifier, time, etc. Through this command, we can clearly understand the modification record of each line of code and the modifier.

Summary: The above are the commonly used Git commands for querying file changes. An in-depth understanding of these commands can help us better use Git for version control.

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