golang startup process

Golang is a highly efficient programming language. Its design philosophy includes simplicity, readability, fault tolerance, concurrency and efficiency. This article will explain in detail the startup process of Golang.

1. Golang compilation method

Golang generates target files during compilation. The target files on different platforms will be different due to different architectures, such as Windows, Linux, MacOS and other different target files. After we write a program in Golang, we need to use the Golang compiler to convert the GO code into a platform-related executable file. During the compilation process, the Go compiler first converts the GO code into assembly code, and then the assembler converts it into a machine executable program. One thing to note is that in Golang, symbols such as function names are bound at runtime, which is also the reason why Golang binary files are relatively large.

2. Golang’s startup process

Golang’s startup process is divided into three phases: preparation phase, initialization phase, and execution phase.

2.1 Preparation Phase

In the preparation phase, Golang mainly does the following three things:

(1) Map static segments and data segments into memory according to certain rules , which also includes operations such as parsing the ELF file header;

(2) Pass the program parameters to the main function;

(3) Set some environment variables, which can be used when the program is running used in the process.

After the completion of this stage, Golang has completed a series of preparations for the operating environment, and then enters the initialization stage.

2.2 Initialization Phase

In the initialization phase, Golang does the following important operations:

(1) Initialize global variables and constants;

(2) Register the defer function;

(3) Execute the init function of each package (including the main package).

It should be noted that the init function is executed before the main function is called, which is also a feature of Golang.

2.3 Execution Phase

After the initialization is completed, Golang enters the execution phase. At this stage, Golang will execute the main function and execute the code line by line according to the written logic. It should be noted that when the program encounters an exception or encounters a panic, the program execution will be terminated immediately. Use the recover function to intercept the panic and allow the program to continue executing.

3. The operating principle of Golang

The operating principle of Golang is based on the idea of ​​goroutine, that is, "lightweight thread". Golang achieves concurrency through goroutine, a lightweight thread that can run thousands of goroutines in a single thread. Compared with the traditional multi-threading method, Golang uses goroutine not to require explicit locking and unlocking, but to share data through communication.

In the process of realizing concurrency, Golang uses some basic mechanisms, including Goroutine, channel, selector (Select) and deadlock detection.

(1) Goroutine: Goroutine is a unique mechanism of Golang. It can be regarded as a lightweight thread. Compared with threads, the creation cost of Goroutine is very small, so it can easily create a large number of Goroutine.

(2) Channel: Golang’s channel is a mechanism for communication between Goroutines. Through channels, Goroutines can directly send and receive data without buffer restrictions. The use of channels can avoid locking and unlocking problems, making concurrent programming more concise and elegant.

(3) Selector: The selector is a mechanism that allows Goroutine to wait for operations on multiple channels at the same time. Selectors prevent Goroutines from blocking while waiting for data on the channel.

(4) Deadlock detection: Golang will automatically detect deadlock. If there is a deadlock in the program, the system will detect it and report an error.

4. Advantages of Golang

Golang has many advantages, mainly including the following points:

(1) Efficiency: Golang has efficient memory allocation and Recycling mechanism, and its compilation speed is also very fast.

(2) Concurrency: Golang implements efficient concurrent programming through mechanisms such as goroutine and channels.

(3) Lightweight: Golang’s binary file is very small, which also gives it a lot of room for development in the embedded field.

(4) Easy to learn: Golang’s syntax is very simple and easy to learn and use.

(5) Cross-platform: Golang can be executed on different platforms, such as Windows, Linux, MacOS, etc.

In short, Golang's startup process and operating principle are unique. It has many advantages and features, which have laid a solid foundation for Golang's rapid development. By in-depth understanding of Golang's startup process and operating principles, we can not only better understand its working mechanism, but also use it more efficiently to develop high-concurrency applications.

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