How to encapsulate golang

In the Go language, encapsulation refers to binding data and methods of operating data together to form an independent unit, thereby preventing external users from directly accessing the data and ensuring data security and operation effectiveness. This article will introduce how to implement encapsulation in Go language.

1. Visibility control

In the Go language, visibility control is implemented through naming. If a variable or method name starts with an uppercase letter, it can be accessed by external packages. Otherwise, it is private and will not be accessible to external packages.

For example, we can define a structure type:

type Person struct {
   Name string    // 外部可访问
   Age  int       // 外部可访问
   sex  string    // 外部不可访问
}

In the above code, Name and Age are externally accessible properties, while sex is a private property that can only be used in Person The type is used internally.

2. Method encapsulation

In the Go language, the structure type can define some methods to operate its own data. We can implement method encapsulation through some techniques.

2.1 Use the structure as the receiver of the method

We can use the structure as the receiver of the method to implement the method's operation on the structure data.

type Person struct {
   Name string
   Age  int
}

func (p *Person) SetName(name string) {
   p.Name = name
}

func (p *Person) SetAge(age int) {
   p.Age = age
}

In the above code, the SetName and SetAge methods both use the structure pointer Person as the receiver. This means that we must call these methods through a pointer of type Person.

var p Person
p.SetName("Tom")
p.SetAge(20)

2.2 Hiding structure types

We can use anonymous structures and interface types to hide structure types to achieve the effect of encapsulation.

type Person struct {
   name string
   age  int
}

type IPerson interface {
   SetName(name string)
   SetAge(age int)
}

func NewPerson() IPerson {
   p := &struct {
      *Person
   }{
      &Person{},
   }
   return p
}

func (p *Person) SetName(name string) {
   p.name = name
}

func (p *Person) SetAge(age int) {
   p.age = age
}

In the above code, we first define a structure type Person, and then define an interface type IPerson, where IPerson contains the SetName and SetAge methods. We create an anonymous structure in the NewPerson function. This structure only contains a pointer to the Person type and eventually returns it. In this way, when the external package calls the NewPerson function, it only gets a value of the interface type, without knowing the specific structure type it contains.

var p IPerson
p = NewPerson()
p.SetName("Tom")
p.SetAge(20)

3. Benefits of encapsulation

Through encapsulation, we can ensure the security of data and the effectiveness of operations to a certain extent. When we need to modify data, we only need to change the internal implementation of the package, regardless of the impact on other code. At the same time, encapsulation can also make the code more modular and easier to maintain and expand. Finally, encapsulation also helps reduce unnecessary dependencies and coupling and improve code reusability.

4. Summary

Encapsulation in Go language is mainly achieved through visibility control and method encapsulation. Through encapsulation, we can improve the security, maintainability and reusability of code. Of course, in practical applications, we also need to flexibly use packaging techniques according to specific situations.

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