golang conversion api

Golang is a brand new programming language. It is designed as a high-performance static compiled language and is mostly used to develop application scenarios such as Web backends, network servers, and distributed systems. In Golang, conversion is a very common operation that can convert one data type to another data type, or convert data from one format to another. This article will introduce the conversion API in Golang to help readers better understand and use Golang.

1. Basic data type conversion
Golang implements conversion between basic data types by using type conversion operators. For any basic data types T and U, if there are conversion rules between T and U, you can use T(value) to convert the value from type U to type T. For example, to convert an int type value to a float64 type value:

var a int = 1
var b float64 = float64(a)

In the above example, use float64(a) converts the value of integer variable a to the value of floating-point variable b.

In Golang, basic data types can be divided into four categories: integer, floating point, complex number and Boolean. Integers include int8, int16, int32, int64 and uint8, uint16, uint32, uint64, etc., and they can be converted to each other.

The following are examples of conversions between some basic data types:

var a int = 1
var b int64 = int64(a)
var c float32 = float32(b )
var d bool = false
var e string = strconv.FormatBool(d)

In the above example, use int64(a) to convert the value of the integer variable a to the int64 type The value of the variable b; use float32(b) to convert the value of the int64 type variable b to the value of the float32 type variable c; use strconv.FormatBool(d) to convert the value of the Boolean variable d to a string type variable The value of e.

2. Array and slice conversion
In Golang, arrays and slices are two different expressions of array types. For an array, its length and element type are fixed, and the length and element type of the array must be specified when defining. A slice is a dynamic array whose length can be changed at any time, making it a more flexible array type.

In Golang, we can convert an array into a slice by using built-in functions. At this point, the elements in the slice will share the same underlying array as the original array. It is also possible to use a slice to initialize a new slice.

Here are some examples of conversions between arrays and slices:

var arr [3]int = [...]int{1, 2, 3} // Define an array containing 3 An array of integers
var s1 []int = arr[:] // Convert the array into a slice. At this time, the length of s1 is 3 and the capacity is 3
var s2 []int = []int{4 , 5, 6} //Define a slice containing 3 integers
var s3 []int = make([]int, 3) //Use the make function to create a slice containing 3 integers

In the above example, use arr[:] to convert the array arr into a slice s1; use []int{4, 5, 6} to initialize a new slice s2; use the make function to create a slice s3 containing 3 integers. .

3. String conversion
String is a basic data type in Golang and one of the most commonly used data types. In Golang, the string type uses UTF-8 encoding, and each character is a sequence of bytes.

For string types, you can convert the string type to other data types by using the functions in the strconv package. Commonly used functions include: strconv.Atoi, strconv.ParseFloat, strconv.ParseInt, strconv.ParseUint, strconv.FormatBool, strconv.FormatFloat, strconv.FormatInt, etc.

Here are some string conversion examples:

var str string = "123"
var a int = strconv.Atoi(str) // Convert string to integer type

var str1 string = "3.14"
var b float64 = strconv.ParseFloat(str1, 64) // Convert the string to floating point

var str2 string = "10"
var c int64 = strconv.ParseInt(str2, 10, 64) // Convert the string to a decimal integer

var str3 string = "true"
var d bool = strconv.ParseBool(str3) //Convert a string to a Boolean type

In the above example, use strconv.Atoi to convert the value of the string type variable str to the value of the integer variable a; use strconv.ParseFloat converts the value of the string type variable str1 to the value of the floating point variable b; uses strconv.ParseInt to convert the value of the string type variable str2 to the value of the integer variable c; uses strconv.ParseBool to convert the character The value of the string type variable str3 is converted into the value of the Boolean type variable d.

The conversion API in Golang is widely used in various application scenarios. Mastering these APIs is very helpful for the learning and application of Golang. When using the conversion API, you need to adhere to the principles of safety and efficiency, especially when converting various data types to string types, pay attention to maintaining the integrity and correctness of the data. At the same time, in order to improve programming efficiency, it is recommended to be proficient in various conversion APIs and use them flexibly in combination with actual application scenarios.

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