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For python-based web projects, common deployment methods are:
fcgi: Use spawn-fcgi or the tools that come with the framework to generate listening processes for each project, and then use them with http Service interaction.
wsgi: Use the mod_wsgi module of the http service to run each project.
But there is also uwsgi, which neither uses the wsgi protocol nor the fcgi protocol. Instead, it creates its own uwsgi protocol. According to the author, this protocol is about 10 times as powerful as the fcgi protocol. so fast. The main features of uwsgi are as follows:
Ultra-fast performance.
Low memory usage (measured to be about half of apache2’s mod_wsgi).
Multi-app management.
Detailed log function (can be used to analyze app performance and bottlenecks).
Highly customizable (memory size limit, service restart after a certain number of times, etc.).
Environment ubuntu 12.04 ip:10.1.6.79
Install nginx
apt-get install nginx-full nginx-common
nginx configuration/etc/nginx/sites- enabled/example
server { listen 80; server_name 10.1.6.79; access_log /var/log/nginx/example_access.log; error_log /var/log/nginx/example_error.log; root /var/www/example; location / { uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9001; include uwsgi_params; uwsgi_param uwsgi_scheme $scheme; uwsgi_param server_software nginx/$nginx_version; } }
Install uwsgi
apt-get install uwsgi uwsgi-plugin-python
If you want to install all uwsgi plug-ins, you can install the uwsgi-plugin-all package
uwsgi configuration/etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/default.xml
<uwsgi> <plugin>python</plugin> <socket>127.0.0.1:9001</socket> <pythonpath>/var/www/example/app/</pythonpath> <app mountpoint="/"> <script>wsgi_configuration_module</script> </app> <master/> <processes>4</processes> <reload-mercy>8</reload-mercy> <cpu-affinity>1</cpu-affinity> <max-requests>2000</max-requests> <limit-as>512</limit-as> <reload-on-as>256</reload-on-as> <reload-on-rss>192</reload-on-rss> <no-orphans/> <vacuum/> </uwsgi>
The parameters in the uwsgi configuration file can also be specified through uwsgi on the command line. In addition to the xml format, the configuration file can also be written in ini format. After the software package is installed, there will be some examples of xml and ini format configuration files in the /usr/share/doc/uwsgi/examples/conffile directory.
wsgi_configuration_module.py script content
#!/usr/bin/python import os import sys sys.path.append('/var/www/example/app') os.environ['python_egg_cache'] = '/var/www/example/.python-egg' def application(environ, start_response): status = '200 ok' output = 'hello world!' response_headers = [('content-type', 'text/plain'), ('content-length', str(len(output)))] start_response(status, response_headers) return [output]
Start uwsgi
uwsgi -x /etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/default.xml --daemonize /var/log/uwsgi/app/default.log
uwsgi parameters:
-m Start the master process
-p 4 Start 4 processes
-s The port or socket address used
-d Use daemon mode to run. Note that after using -d, you need to add the log file address, such as -d /var/log/uwsgi .log
-r 10000 After opening 10,000 processes, automatically respawn
-t 30 Set a timeout of 30s. After the timeout, the link will be automatically abandoned
–limit-as 32 The total memory amount of the process Controlled at 32m
-x Use configuration file mode
Concurrent 4 threads
uwsgi -s :9090 -w myapp -p 4
Main control thread 4 threads
uwsgi -s :9090 -w myapp -m -p 4
Execution exceeds The client will give up directly after 30 seconds
uwsgi -s :9090 -w myapp -m -p 4 -t 30
Limit the memory space to 128m
uwsgi -s :9090 -w myapp -m -p 4 -t 30 --limit-as 128
Serve more than 10,000 reqs and automatically respawn
uwsgi -s :9090 -w myapp -m -p 4 -t 30 --limit-as 128 -r 10000
run in the background, etc.
uwsgi -s :9090 -w myapp -m -p 4 -t 30 --limit-as 128 -r 10000 -d uwsgi.log
In addition to starting directly with the uwsgi command, you can also start it with the script under init.d. However, you need to modify the path of the default configuration file in /etc/default/u wsgi first, and then use / etc/init.d/uwsgi startStart
#inherited_config=/usr/share/uwsgi/conf/default.ini inherited_config=/etc/uwsgi/apps-enabled/default.xml
Start nginx
/etc/init.d/nginx start
The effect is as follows:
Test whether uwsgi is available
Test script test.py
#!/usr/bin/python def application(env,start_response): start_response('200 ok',[('content_type','text/html')]) return "congraduation!!! uwsgi testing ok!!!
#启动web server uwsgi --http :9090 --wsgi-file test.py
Browser input ip: port: 192.168.1.99:9090
You can see "congraduation !!!uwsgi testing ok!!!”
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