PHP method to implement database master-slave replication

With the continuous development of business and the increasing volume of business, the performance of a single database is often difficult to meet the demand, so database clustering has become a very important direction. In a database cluster, master-slave replication is a very common and important technology. Through master-slave replication, the data in the master database can be synchronized to the slave database in real time, ensuring the security and reliability of the data, and also improving the performance of the database. load capacity and performance.

In this article, we will introduce how to use PHP to implement database master-slave replication. By implementing database master-slave replication, we can better ensure data consistency and consistency in dealing with high concurrency. Availability.

1. What is database master-slave replication?

Database master-slave replication is a database cluster technology that achieves high availability and load balancing by synchronizing data in the master database to the slave database. In master-slave replication, the master database is the database responsible for receiving data write requests and processing query requests, while the slave database synchronizes on the basis of the master database to achieve real-time backup of the master database.

Data synchronization between the master database and the slave database usually uses an asynchronous or semi-synchronous method. The master database records its own data change events into the local binary log, and the slave database pulls the binary from the master database. Log, parse and apply to local database for synchronization. This can ensure data consistency and availability at the same time, and will not have a big impact on the performance of the main database.

2. Steps to implement database master-slave replication with PHP

1. Configuring the master database

First, you need to enable binary logs in the master database to record the master database. Database data change events. You can add the following configuration to the MySQL configuration file to enable the binary log function:

log-bin=mysql-bin
server-id=1

where the log-bin parameter is specified The name of the binary log file can be customized; the server-id parameter specifies the unique identifier of the master database in the cluster. Different master and slave nodes need to have different IDs.

2. Configure the slave database

In the slave database, you need to configure the relevant parameters of master-slave replication, set the unique identifier of the slave node and the IP address and port number of the master node . You can add the following configuration to the MySQL configuration file:

server-id=2
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin
relay-log-index=mysql-relay-bin.index
replicate-do-db=mydb #The name of the database that needs to be synchronized
master-host=192.168.1.1 #The IP address of the master node
master-user=repl #The user who connects the slave node to the master node
master-password=repl123 #The password for the slave node to connect to the master node
master-port=3306 #The port number of the master node

where server-id is the unique identifier of the specified slave node in the cluster; relay -log and relay-log-index specify the relay log file name and relay log index file name of the slave node; the replicate-do-db parameter specifies the database name that needs to be synchronized to the slave node. If multiple databases need to be synchronized, This parameter can be set repeatedly; the master-* series parameters configure the information related to the slave node connecting to the master node.

3. PHP code implementation

To implement PHP code to implement the process of database master-slave replication, you first need to connect to the database that needs to be operated through the mysql_connect function, and then specify the SQL statement for the query , and whether data needs to be read from the slave node. By setting the MYSQL_CLIENT_MASTER and MYSQL_CLIENT_SLAVE parameters, you can specify whether the currently connected database is the master node or the slave node. The code example is as follows:

//Connect to the master node
$conn = mysql_connect("192.168.1.1", "root", "password", null, MYSQL_CLIENT_MASTER);

// Perform a write operation
mysql_query("insert into table1 values ​​('test', '123')");

//Connect the slave node
$conn = mysql_connect("192.168.1.2" , "root", "password", null, MYSQL_CLIENT_SLAVE);

//Perform read operation
$res = mysql_query("select * from table1");

Through the above By implementing the code, the connection switching and binding operations of the master node and the slave node can be performed separately, and the master-slave replication function of the database can be effectively realized.

3. Summary

Database master-slave replication is an important database cluster technology to achieve high availability and load balancing. Implementing master-slave replication through PHP allows us to better ensure data consistency and availability when dealing with high concurrency. Through the above steps and code examples, I hope it can be helpful to the majority of PHP developers in implementing database master-slave replication.

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