How to use Python's psutil module

1. psutil module:

1.psutil introduction

psutil is a cross-platform library (/ /pythonhosted.org/psutil/) can easily obtain information about the processes running on the system and system utilization (including CPU, memory, disk, network, etc.). It is mainly used for system monitoring, performance analysis, and process management. It implements the functions provided by equivalent command line tools, such as ps, top, lsof, netstat, ifconfig, who, df, kill, free, nice, ionice, iostat, iotop, uptime, pidof, tty, taskset, pmap, etc. Currently supports 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems such as Linux, Windows, OS X, FreeBSD and Sun Solaris.

2. Install the psutil module:

CentOS安装psutil包：
python版本：3.5
wget https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/psutil/psutil-3.2.1.tar.gz --no-check-certificate
tar zxvf psutil-3.2.1.tar.gz
cd psutil-3.2.1
python setup.py install
Windos安装psutil包：
D:\python35\Scripts>pip3.exe install psutil
Collecting psutil
  Downloading psutil-5.3.1-cp35-cp35m-win_amd64.whl (215kB)
    100% |████████████████████████████████| 225kB 84kB/s
Installing collected packages: psutil
Successfully installed psutil-5.3.1

2. Obtain the system Usage of basic information:

1.CPU information

Use the cpu_times method to obtain complete information of the cpu, as shown below.

>>> psutil.cpu_times()
scputimes(user=650613.02, nice=22.14, system=154916.5, idle=16702285.26, iowait=68894.55, irq=3.38, softirq=7075.65, steal=0.0, guest=0.0)
>>>

Get a single data, such as the user's CPU time or IO waiting time, as shown below:

>>> psutil.cpu_times().user
650617.11
>>> psutil.cpu_times().iowait
68894.63
>>>

Get the logical and physical number of cpu, the default logical value is True.

#CPU逻辑个数
>>> psutil.cpu_count()
2
#CPU物理个数
>>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
1
>>>

Get cpu usage:

>>> psutil.cpu_percent()
2.5
>>> psutil.cpu_percent(1)
2.5
>>>

2. Memory information

The virtual_memory method is mainly used to obtain memory information. To use swap, use the swap_memory method.

>>> mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
>>> mem
svmem(total=4018601984, available=1066205184, percent=73.5, used=3904004096, free=114597888, active=3302174720, inactive=426078208, buffers=156520448, cached=795086848)
>>> mem.total
4018601984
>>> mem.used
3904004096
>>> mem.free
114597888
>>> print(mem.total/1024/1024)
3832.4375
>>>

Percent represents the actual memory proportion used, that is (1047543808-717537280)/1047543808*100%. available indicates the memory that can still be used.

3. Disk information

There are two main parts of disk information, one is disk utilization and the other is io. They can be obtained through the disk_usage and disk_io_counters methods respectively.

Get the partition information first, and then look at the usage of the root partition:

>>> psutil.disk_partitions()
[sdiskpart(device='/dev/mapper/root', mountpoint='/', fstype='ext4', opts='rw,errors=remount-ro'), sdiskpart(device='/dev/sda1', mountpoint='/boot', fstype='ext2', opts='rw')]
>>> psutil.disk_usage('/')
sdiskusage(total=42273669120, used=17241096192, free=22885195776, percent=40.8)
>>>

The default disk_io_counters method gets the total IO number and read and write information of the hard disk. If you need to get the data of a single partition io and read and write information plus the "perdisk=True" parameter.

>>> psutil.disk_io_counters()
sdiskio(read_count=638190, write_count=77080153, read_bytes=16037795840, write_bytes=1628871606272, read_time=2307367, write_time=1777841305)
>>> psutil.disk_io_counters(perdisk=True)
{'vdb1': sdiskio(read_count=312, write_count=0, read_bytes=1238016, write_bytes=0, read_time=95, write_time=0), 'vda1': sdiskio(read_count=637878, write_count=77080257, read_bytes=16036557824, write_bytes=1628873314304, read_time=2307272, write_time=1777841879)}
>>>

4. Network information:

The methods of using network io and disk io are similar. The net_io_counters method is mainly used. If you need to obtain the io information of a single network card, add pernic =True parameter.

#获取网络总的io情况
>>> 
>>> psutil.net_io_counters()
snetio(bytes_sent=525490132009, bytes_recv=409145642892, packets_sent=948527563, packets_recv=778182181, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)
#获取网卡的io情况
>>> 
>>> psutil.net_io_counters(pernic=True)
{'lo': snetio(bytes_sent=56524704027, bytes_recv=56524704027, packets_sent=33602236, packets_recv=33602236, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0), 'eth0': snetio(bytes_sent=468966480940, bytes_recv=352622081327, packets_sent=914930488, packets_recv=744583332, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)}
>>>

5. Other system information:

1. Get the boot time

##以linux时间格式返回，可以使用时间戳转换
>>> psutil.boot_time()    
1496647567.0
#转换成自然时间格式
>>> psutil.boot_time()
1496647567.0
>>> datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time ()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H: %M: %S")
'2017-06-05 15: 26: 07'
>>>

2. View all system processes

>>> psutil.pids()
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 60, 61, 63, 64, 65, 97, 98, 279, 280, 331, 398, 481, 676, 693, 769, 845, 848, 1023, 1085, 1108, 1355, 1366, 1457, 1474, 1475, 1494, 1541, 1543, 1545, 1546, 1548, 1550, 1552, 2829, 12436, 12913, 13129, 16022, 16029, 16030, 16031, 16032, 16033, 16518, 16520, 17088, 17124, 19203, 25382, 32679]

3. View a single process

p = psutil.Process(16031)
p.name()      #进程名
p.exe()         #进程的bin路径
p.cwd()        #进程的工作目录绝对路径
p.status()     #进程状态
p.create_time()  #进程创建时间
p.uids()      #进程uid信息
p.gids()      #进程的gid信息
p.cpu_times()    #进程的cpu时间信息,包括user,system两个cpu信息
p.cpu_affinity()  #get进程cpu亲和度,如果要设置cpu亲和度,将cpu号作为参考就好
p.memory_percent()  #进程内存利用率
p.memory_info()    #进程内存rss,vms信息
p.io_counters()    #进程的IO信息,包括读写IO数字及参数
p.connectios()    #返回进程列表
p.num_threads()  #进程开启的线程数
听过psutil的Popen方法启动应用程序，可以跟踪程序的相关信息
from subprocess import PIPE
p = psutil.Popen(["/usr/bin/python", "-c", "print('hello')"],stdout=PIPE)
p.name()
p.username()

View the system hardware script:

Hardware information script

1 #!/usr/bin/env python
 2 #coding:utf-8
 3 
 4 import psutil
 5 import datetime
 6 import time
 7 
 8 # 当前时间
 9 now_time = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d-%H:%M:%S', time.localtime(time.time()))
10 print(now_time)
11 
12 # 查看cpu物理个数的信息
13 print(u"物理CPU个数: %s" % psutil.cpu_count(logical=False))
14 
15 #CPU的使用率
16 cpu = (str(psutil.cpu_percent(1))) + '%'
17 print(u"cup使用率: %s" % cpu)
18 
19 #查看内存信息,剩余内存.free  总共.total
20 #round()函数方法为返回浮点数x的四舍五入值。
21 
22 free = str(round(psutil.virtual_memory().free / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0), 2))
23 total = str(round(psutil.virtual_memory().total / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0), 2))
24 memory = int(psutil.virtual_memory().total - psutil.virtual_memory().free) / float(psutil.virtual_memory().total)
25 print(u"物理内存： %s G" % total)
26 print(u"剩余物理内存： %s G" % free)
27 print(u"物理内存使用率： %s %%" % int(memory * 100))
28 # 系统启动时间
29 print(u"系统启动时间: %s" % datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))
30 
31 # 系统用户
32 users_count = len(psutil.users())
33 #
34 # >>> for u in psutil.users():
35 # ...   print(u)
36 # ...
37 # suser(name='root', terminal='pts/0', host='61.135.18.162', started=1505483904.0)
38 # suser(name='root', terminal='pts/5', host='61.135.18.162', started=1505469056.0)
39 # >>> u.name
40 # 'root'
41 # >>> u.terminal
42 # 'pts/5'
43 # >>> u.host
44 # '61.135.18.162'
45 # >>> u.started
46 # 1505469056.0
47 # >>>
48 
49 users_list = ",".join([u.name for u in psutil.users()])
50 print(u"当前有%s个用户，分别是 %s" % (users_count, users_list))
51 
52 #网卡，可以得到网卡属性，连接数，当前流量等信息
53 net = psutil.net_io_counters()
54 bytes_sent = '{0:.2f} Mb'.format(net.bytes_recv / 1024 / 1024)
55 bytes_rcvd = '{0:.2f} Mb'.format(net.bytes_sent / 1024 / 1024)
56 print(u"网卡接收流量 %s 网卡发送流量 %s" % (bytes_rcvd, bytes_sent))
57 
58 io = psutil.disk_partitions()
59 # print(io)
60 # print("io[-1]为",io[-1])
61 #del io[-1]
62 
63 print('-----------------------------磁盘信息---------------------------------------')
64 
65 print("系统磁盘信息：" + str(io))
66 
67 for i in io:
68     o = psutil.disk_usage(i.device)
69     print("总容量：" + str(int(o.total / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0))) + "G")
70     print("已用容量：" + str(int(o.used / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0))) + "G")
71     print("可用容量：" + str(int(o.free / (1024.0 * 1024.0 * 1024.0))) + "G")
72 
73 print('-----------------------------进程信息-------------------------------------')
74 # 查看系统全部进程
75 for pnum in psutil.pids():
76     p = psutil.Process(pnum)
77     print(u"进程名 %-20s  内存利用率 %-18s 进程状态 %-10s 创建时间 %-10s " \
78     % (p.name(), p.memory_percent(), p.status(), p.create_time()))

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