How to use nginx proxy module

nginx proxy module

Note: There are many instructions for the proxy module. I will only explain the important proxy_pass here. If you want to know more proxy instructions, please refer to the official Chinese documentation.
This module can forward requests to other servers. http/1.0 cannot use keepalives (the backend server will create and delete connections for each request). nginx sends http/1.1 for the browser and http/1.0 for the backend server so the browser can handle the keepalive for the browser.
Example below:

location / {
 proxy_pass    http://localhost:8000;
 proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr;
}

Note that when using the http proxy module (even fastcgi), all connection requests will be cached by nginx before being sent to the backend server, therefore, when measuring the data sent from the backend data, its progress display may be incorrect.

Experimental topology:

7. Configure http reverse proxy

[root@nginx ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@nginx nginx]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak #备份一个原配置文件
[root@nginx nginx]# vim nginx.conf
location / {
        proxy_pass   http://192.168.18.201;
    }

Instruction description: proxy_pass

Syntax: proxy_pass url

Default value: no

Use fields: location, if field in location

This command sets the address of the proxy server and the mapped uri. The address can be in the form of host name or ip plus port number, for example: proxy_pass http://localhost:8000/uri/;

8. Reload the configuration file

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx：                      [确定]

9. Test it

Note, you can see that when we access 192.168.18.208, Redirected to web1 by proxy.

10. Check the web server log

[root@web1 ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:14:20 +0800] "get /favicon.ico http/1.0" 404 289 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:14:20 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:14:20 +0800] "get /favicon.ico http/1.0" 404 289 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.138 - - [04/sep/2013:00:14:45 +0800] "get / http/1.1" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.138 - - [04/sep/2013:00:14:48 +0800] "get /favicon.ico http/1.1" 404 289 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:14:55 +0800] "get /favicon.ico http/1.0" 404 289 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:15:05 +0800] "get /favicon.ico http/1.0" 404 289 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:15:13 +0800] "get /favicon.ico http/1.0" 404 289 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:15:16 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"
192.168.18.208 - - [04/sep/2013:00:15:16 +0800] "get /favicon.ico http/1.0" 404 289 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (windows nt 6.1; wow64) applewebkit/537.36 (khtml, like gecko) chrome/28.0.1500.95 safari/537.36"

Note, you can see that all the IPs of our customers here are the IPs of the nginx proxy server, not the real client IPs . Let's modify it so that the log IP displays the real client IP.

11. Modify nginx configuration file

location / {
    proxy_pass   http://192.168.18.201;
    proxy_set_header x-real-ip $remote_addr; #加上这一行
}

Instruction description: proxy_set_header

Syntax: proxy_set_header header value

Default Value: host and connection

Use fields: http, server, location

This directive allows the request header sent to the proxy server to be redefined or add some fields. This value can be a text, variable or a combination thereof. proxy_set_header will be inherited from its parent field if it is not defined in the specified field.

12. Reload the configuration file

[root@nginx ~]# service nginx reload
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
重新载入 nginx：                      [确定]

13. Test and view the log

[root@web1 ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.208 - - [03/sep/2013:16:26:18 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"

Note, you can see that the log record is still the proxy IP, The real client IP is not displayed, why? Let's take a look at the httpd configuration file.

14. View and modify the httpd configuration file

[root@web1 ~]# vim /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Note, the parameter you can record the log here is still %h, as follows Let's modify the parameters.

Note, this is the modified parameter, change h% to %{x-real-ip}i, okay, let’s test it again.

15. Restart and test

[root@web1 ~]# service httpd restart
停止 httpd：                        [确定]
正在启动 httpd：                      [确定]
[root@web1 ~]# tail /var/log/httpd/access_log
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:14 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:14 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"
192.168.18.138 - - [03/sep/2013:17:09:15 +0800] "get / http/1.0" 200 23 "-" "mozilla/5.0 (compatible; msie 10.0; windows nt 6.1; wow64; trident/6.0)"

Note, you can see that the IP address recorded in the log is the real client address.

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