Experience in using read-write locks and mutex locks of Golang functions

In Golang, lock is one of the important mechanisms for concurrency control. A lock is essentially a synchronization primitive used to control access to shared resources. In practical applications, commonly used locks include mutex (Mutex) and read-write lock (RWLock). This article will introduce the experience of using read-write locks and mutex locks in Golang functions.

1. The principle and use of mutex locks

Mutex locks refer to an exclusive lock that only allows one Goroutine to access at the same time. In practical applications, mutex locks are often used in the following scenarios:

(1) When multiple Goroutines concurrently read and write a shared resource, in order to ensure data consistency, mutex locks need to be used for concurrency control;

(2) When accessing data such as files, code segments, configuration files, etc., exclusive access is required to ensure data integrity.

In Golang, the steps to use a mutex lock are as follows:

(1) First, you need to define a mutex lock object:

var mutex sync.Mutex

(2) Then you can use the Lock method to lock the mutex:

mutex.Lock()

(3) Perform operations in the code block that needs to access shared resources:

sharedResource

(4) Finally, use the Unlock method to unlock the mutex:

mutex.Unlock()

It should be noted that when using the mutex In order to ensure the correctness of the code, the Lock and Unlock methods must appear in pairs.

2. The principle and use of read-write locks

Adopt different measures for concurrent reading and writing. Read-write locks are widely used in high-concurrency scenarios. In practical applications, read-write locks are often used in the following scenarios:

(1) For scenarios where read operations are more frequent than write operations, using read-write locks can speed up code execution;

(2 ) When multiple Goroutines read the same data concurrently, there is no need to perform locking and unlocking operations.

In Golang, the steps to use read-write locks are as follows:

(1) First, you need to define a read-write lock object:

var rwLock sync.RWLock

(2) Then you can use the read lock method RLock or the write lock method Lock to lock the read-write lock:

rwLock.RLock()
rwLock.Lock()

(3 ) Perform operations in the code block that needs to access shared resources:

sharedResource

(4) Finally, use the read lock unlocking method RUnlock or the write lock unlocking method Unlock to unlock the read and write lock:

rwLock.RUnlock()
rwLock.Unlock()

It should be noted that when using read-write locks, for read locks and write locks, the Lock and Unlock methods must appear in pairs respectively. .

3. The difference and comparison between mutex locks and read-write locks

Mutex locks and read-write locks each have their own advantages and disadvantages, as follows:

(1) In In the scenario of more reading and less writing, the concurrency efficiency of the read-write lock is higher, because concurrent reading can be achieved without blocking other Goroutine read operations;

(2) But in the scenario of high concurrent writing , the performance of mutex locks is better than that of read-write locks, because read-write locks are equivalent to multiple mutex locks, and in high-concurrency writing scenarios, write locks will be blocked, causing serious performance degradation.

(3) Mutex locks are simpler to use than read-write locks.

4. Summary

In Golang concurrent programming, proficiency in locks is very critical. This article introduces the experience of using read-write locks and mutex locks in Golang functions, hoping to help readers in practical applications. In the process of using locks, you need to make choices based on the actual situation, and pay attention to the correct use of locks to avoid deadlocks and other problems.

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