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What are the common encryption and decryption algorithms in Python?

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May 16, 2023 pm 05:25 PM

python

1.url encode加密

简介：当url地址含有中文，或者参数有中文的时候，这个算是很正常了，但是把这样的url作为参数传递的时候（最常见的callback），需要把一些中文甚至'/'做一下编码转换。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import urllib.parse
 
 
text = "我爱吃鸡腿"
s = urllib.parse.quote(text)
print(s) # %E6%88%91%E7%88%B1%E5%90%83%E9%B8%A1%E8%85%BF
u = urllib.parse.unquote(s)
print(u) #我爱吃鸡腿

2.unicode 加密

其实这应该不算一种加密更多的应该算是一种编码与解码，但是由于运用很广泛我也加进去了

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2023/2/28 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
str1 = "你好"
 
# 编码
enStr1 = str1.encode(&#39;unicode-escape&#39;).decode()
print(enStr1) # \u4f60\u597d
 
# 解码
deStr1 = enStr1.encode().decode(&#39;unicode-escape&#39;)
print(deStr1) # 你好

3.Base64 加密

简介：Base64 是一种用 64 个字符来表示任意二进制数据的方法。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import base64
 
 
def base64_encode(text):
    encode_data = base64.b64encode(text.encode())
    return encode_data
 
 
def base64_decode(encode_data):
    decode_data = base64.b64decode(encode_data)
    return decode_data
 
 
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
    text = &#39;I love Python!&#39;
    encode_data = base64_encode(text)
    decode_data = base64_decode(encode_data)
    print(&#39;Base64 编码：&#39;, encode_data)
    print(&#39;Base64 解码：&#39;, decode_data)
    
    # Base64 编码： b&#39;SSBsb3ZlIFB5dGhvbiE=&#39;
# Base64 解码： b&#39;I love Python!&#39;

4.MD5

简介：全称 MD5 消息摘要算法（英文名称：MD5 Message-Digest Algorithm），又称哈希算法、散列算法，由美国密码学家罗纳德·李维斯特（Ronald Linn Rivest）设计，于 1992 年作为 RFC 1321 被公布，用以取代 MD4 算法。摘要算法属于单向加密，这意味着用摘要算法处理后的明文无法被解密。

摘要算法的第二个特点密文是固定长度的，它通过一个函数，把任意长度的数据转换为一个长度固定的数据串（通常用16进制的字符串表示）。之所以叫摘要算法，它的算法就是提取明文重要的特征。使用摘要算法后，两个不同的明文可能会生成相同的密文，但这种情况非常罕见。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import hashlib
 
 
def md5_test1():
    md5 = hashlib.new(&#39;md5&#39;, &#39;I love python!&#39;.encode(&#39;utf-8&#39;))
    print(md5.hexdigest())
 
 
def md5_test2():
    md5 = hashlib.md5()
    md5.update(&#39;I love &#39;.encode(&#39;utf-8&#39;))
    md5.update(&#39;python!&#39;.encode(&#39;utf-8&#39;))
    print(md5.hexdigest())
 
 
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
    md5_test1()  # 21169ee3acd4a24e1fcb4322cfd9a2b8
    md5_test2()  # 21169ee3acd4a24e1fcb4322cfd9a2b8

5.PBKDF2

简介：英文名称：Password-Based Key Derivation Function 2，PBKDF2 是 RSA 实验室的公钥加密标准（PKCS）系列的一部分，
2017 年发布的 RFC 8018 （PKCS #5 v2.1）推荐使用 PBKDF2 进行密码散列。

PBKDF2 将伪随机函数（例如 HMAC），把明文和一个盐值（salt）作为输入参数，然后进行重复运算，并最终产生密钥，如果重复的次数足够大，破解的成本就会变得很高。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import binascii
from Cryptodome.Hash import SHA1
from Cryptodome.Protocol.KDF import PBKDF2
 
 
text = &#39;I love Python!&#39;
salt = b&#39;43215678&#39;
result = PBKDF2(text,  salt, count=10, hmac_hash_module=SHA1)
result = binascii.hexlify(result)
print(result)
# b&#39;7fee6e8350cfe96314c76aaa6e853a50&#39;

6.SHA

简介：全称安全哈希算法（英文名称：Secure Hash Algorithm），主要适用于数字签名标准（Digital Signature Standard DSS）里面定义的数字签名算法（
Digital Signature Algorithm DSA），SHA 通常指 SHA 家族的五个算法，分别是 SHA-1、SHA-224、SHA-256、SHA-384、SHA-512，后四者有时并称为 SHA-2，SHA 是比 MD5 更安全一点的摘要算法，MD5 的密文是 32 位，而 SHA-1 是 40 位，版本越强，密文越长，代价是速度越慢。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import hashlib
 
 
def sha1_test1():
    sha1 = hashlib.new(&#39;sha1&#39;, &#39;I love python!&#39;.encode(&#39;utf-8&#39;))
    print(sha1.hexdigest())
 
 
def sha1_test2():
    sha1 = hashlib.sha1()
    sha1.update(&#39;I love python!&#39;.encode(&#39;utf-8&#39;))
    print(sha1.hexdigest())
 
 
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
    sha1_test1()  # 23c02b203bd2e2ca19da911f1d270a06d86719fb
    sha1_test2()  # 23c02b203bd2e2ca19da911f1d270a06d86719fb

7.HMAC

简介：全称散列消息认证码、密钥相关的哈希运算消息认证码（英文名称：Hash-based Message Authentication Code 或者 Keyed-hash Message Authentication Code），于 1996 年提出，1997 年作为 RFC 2104 被公布，HMAC 加密算法是一种安全的基于加密 Hash函数和共享密钥的消息认证协议，它要求通信双方共享密钥 key、约定算法、对报文进行 Hash 运算，形成固定长度的认证码。通信双方通过认证码的校验来确定报文的合法性。

import hmac
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
def hmac_test1():
    message = b&#39;I love python!&#39;
    key = b&#39;secret&#39;
    md5 = hmac.new(key, message, digestmod=&#39;MD5&#39;)
    print(md5.hexdigest())
    
    
def hmac_test2():
    key = &#39;secret&#39;.encode(&#39;utf8&#39;)
    sha1 = hmac.new(key, digestmod=&#39;sha1&#39;)
    sha1.update(&#39;I love &#39;.encode(&#39;utf8&#39;))
    sha1.update(&#39;Python!&#39;.encode(&#39;utf8&#39;))
    print(sha1.hexdigest())
        
        
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
    hmac_test1()  # 9c503a1f852edcc3526ea56976c38edf
    hmac_test2()  # 2d8449a4292d4bbeed99ce9ea570880d6e19b61a

8.DES

简介：全称数据加密标准（英文名称：Data Encryption Standard），加密与解密使用同一密钥，属于对称加密算法，1977 年被美国联邦政府的国家标准局确定为联邦资料处理标准（FIPS），DES 是一个分组加密算法，使用 56 位的密钥（一般认为密钥是 64 位，但是密钥的每个第 8 位设置为奇偶校验位，所以实际上有效位只有 56 位），由于 56 位密钥长度相对较短，所以 DES 是不安全的，现在基本上已被更高级的加密标准 AES 取代。

mode 支持：CBC，CFB，CTR，CTRGladman，ECB，OFB 等。

padding 支持：ZeroPadding，NoPadding，AnsiX923，Iso10126，Iso97971，Pkcs7 等。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import binascii
# 加密模式 CBC，填充方式 PAD_PKCS5
from pyDes import des, CBC, PAD_PKCS5
 
 
def des_encrypt(key, text, iv):
    k = des(key, CBC, iv, pad=None, padmode=PAD_PKCS5)
    en = k.encrypt(text, padmode=PAD_PKCS5)
    return binascii.b2a_hex(en)
 
 
def des_decrypt(key, text, iv):
    k = des(key, CBC, iv, pad=None, padmode=PAD_PKCS5)
    de = k.decrypt(binascii.a2b_hex(text), padmode=PAD_PKCS5)
    return de
 
 
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
    secret_key = &#39;12345678&#39;   # 密钥
    text = &#39;I love Python!&#39;   # 加密对象
    iv = secret_key           # 偏移量
    secret_str = des_encrypt(secret_key, text, iv)
    print(&#39;加密字符串：&#39;, secret_str)
    clear_str = des_decrypt(secret_key, secret_str, iv)
    print(&#39;解密字符串：&#39;, clear_str)
    
    
    # 加密字符串： b&#39;302d3abf2421169239f829b38a9545f1&#39;
    # 解密字符串： b&#39;I love Python!&#39;

9.3DES

简介：全称三重数据加密算法（英文名称：Triple Data Encryption Standard、Triple Data Encryption Algorithm、TDES、TDEA），是对称加密算法中的一种。70 年代初由 IBM 研发，后 1977 年被采纳为数据加密标准，它相当于是对每个数据块应用三次 DES 加密算法。由于计算机运算能力的增强，原版 DES 密码的密钥长度变得容易被暴力破解；3DES 即是设计用来提供一种相对简单的方法，即通过增加 DES 的密钥长度来避免破解，所以严格来说 3DES 不是设计一种全新的块密码算法。

mode 支持：CBC，CFB，CTR，CTRGladman，ECB，OFB 等。

padding 支持：ZeroPadding，NoPadding，AnsiX923，Iso10126，Iso97971，Pkcs7 等。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
from Cryptodome.Cipher import DES3
from Cryptodome import Random
 
 
# 需要补位，str不是16的倍数那就补足为16的倍数
def add_to_16(value):
    while len(value) % 16 != 0:
        value += &#39;\0&#39;
    return str.encode(value)
 
 
def des_encrypt(key, text, iv):
    # 加密模式 OFB
    cipher_encrypt = DES3.new(add_to_16(key), DES3.MODE_OFB, iv)
    encrypted_text = cipher_encrypt.encrypt(text.encode("utf-8"))
    return encrypted_text
 
 
def des_decrypt(key, text, iv):
    # 加密模式 OFB
    cipher_decrypt = DES3.new(add_to_16(key), DES3.MODE_OFB, iv)
    decrypted_text = cipher_decrypt.decrypt(text)
    return decrypted_text
 
 
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
    key = &#39;12345678&#39;            # 密钥，16 位
    text = &#39;I love Python!&#39;     # 加密对象
    iv = Random.new().read(DES3.block_size)  # DES3.block_size == 8
    secret_str = des_encrypt(key, text, iv)
    print(&#39;加密字符串：&#39;, secret_str)
    clear_str = des_decrypt(key, secret_str, iv)
    print(&#39;解密字符串：&#39;, clear_str)
 
 
# 加密字符串： b&#39;\xa5\x8a\xd4R\x99\x16j\xba?vg\xf2\xb6\xa9&#39;
# 解密字符串： b&#39;I love Python!&#39;

10.AES

简介：全称高级加密标准（英文名称：Advanced Encryption Standard），在密码学中又称 Rijndael 加密法，由美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）于 2001 年发布，并在 2002 年成为有效的标准。这个标准用来替代原先的 DES，已经被多方分析且广为全世界所使用，它本身只有一个密钥，即用来实现加密，也用于解密。

mode 支持：CBC，CFB，CTR，CTRGladman，ECB，OFB 等。

padding 支持：ZeroPadding，NoPadding，AnsiX923，Iso10126，Iso97971，Pkcs7 等。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import base64
from Cryptodome.Cipher import AES
 
 
# 需要补位，str不是16的倍数那就补足为16的倍数
def add_to_16(value):
    while len(value) % 16 != 0:
        value += &#39;\0&#39;
    return str.encode(value)
 
 
# 加密方法
def aes_encrypt(key, t, iv):
    aes = AES.new(add_to_16(key), AES.MODE_CBC, add_to_16(iv))  # 初始化加密器
    encrypt_aes = aes.encrypt(add_to_16(t)) # 先进行 aes 加密
    # 执行加密并转码返回 bytes
    encrypted_text = str(base64.encodebytes(encrypt_aes), encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;)  
    return encrypted_text
 
 
# 解密方法
def aes_decrypt(key, t, iv):
    # 初始化加密器
    aes = AES.new(add_to_16(key), AES.MODE_CBC, add_to_16(iv))     
    # 优先逆向解密 base64 成 bytes   
    base64_decrypted = base64.decodebytes(t.encode(encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;)) 
    # 执行解密密并转码返回str 
    decrypted_text = str(aes.decrypt(base64_decrypted), encoding=&#39;utf-8&#39;).replace(&#39;\0&#39;, &#39;&#39;)  
    return decrypted_text
 
 
if __name__ == &#39;__main__&#39;:
    secret_key = &#39;12345678&#39;   # 密钥
    text = &#39;I love Python!&#39;   # 加密对象
    iv = secret_key           # 初始向量
    encrypted_str = aes_encrypt(secret_key, text, iv)
    print(&#39;加密字符串：&#39;, encrypted_str)
    decrypted_str = aes_decrypt(secret_key, encrypted_str, iv)
    print(&#39;解密字符串：&#39;, decrypted_str)
 
 
# 加密字符串： lAVKvkQh+GtdNpoKf4/mHA==
# 解密字符串： I love Python!

11.RC4

简介：英文名称：Rivest Cipher 4，也称为 ARC4 或 ARCFOUR，是一种流加密算法，密钥长度可变。它加解密使用相同的密钥，因此也属于对称加密算法。
RC4 是有线等效加密（WEP）中采用的加密算法，也曾经是 TLS 可采用的算法之一，该算法的速度可以达到 DES 加密的 10 倍左右，且具有很高级别的非线性，
虽然它在软件方面的简单性和速度非常出色，但在 RC4 中发现了多个漏洞，它特别容易受到攻击，RC4 作为一种老旧的验证和加密算法易于受到黑客攻击，现在逐渐不推荐使用了。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import base64
from Cryptodome.Cipher import ARC4
 
 
def rc4_encrypt(key, t):
    enc = ARC4.new(key.encode(&#39;utf8&#39;))
    res = enc.encrypt(t.encode(&#39;utf-8&#39;))
    res = base64.b64encode(res)
    return res
 
 
def rc4_decrypt(key, t):
    data = base64.b64decode(t)
    enc = ARC4.new(key.encode(&#39;utf8&#39;))
    res = enc.decrypt(data)
    return res
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    secret_key = &#39;12345678&#39;   # 密钥
    text = &#39;I love Python!&#39;   # 加密对象
    encrypted_str = rc4_encrypt(secret_key, text)
    print(&#39;加密字符串：&#39;, encrypted_str)
    decrypted_str = rc4_decrypt(secret_key, encrypted_str)
    print(&#39;解密字符串：&#39;, decrypted_str)
 
 
# 加密字符串： b&#39;8tNVu3/U/veJR2KgyBw=&#39;
# 解密字符串： b&#39;I love Python!&#39;

12.Rabbit

简介：Rabbit 加密算法是一个高性能的流密码加密方式，2003 年首次被提出，它从 128 位密钥和 64 位初始向量（iv）创建一个密钥流。

目前没有找到有第三方库可以直接实现 Rabbit 算法，

13.RSA

简介：英文名称：Rivest-Shamir-Adleman，是 1977 年由罗纳德·李维斯特（Ron Rivest）、阿迪·萨莫尔（Adi Shamir）和伦纳德·阿德曼（Leonard Adleman）一起提出的，RSA 就是他们三人姓氏开头字母拼在一起组成的，RSA 加密算法是一种非对称加密算法。

在公开密钥加密和电子商业中RSA被广泛使用。它被普遍认为是目前比较优秀的公钥方案之一。

RSA是第一个能同时用于加密和数字签名的算法，它能够抵抗到目前为止已知的所有密码攻击。

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import rsa
 
 
def rsa_encrypt(pu_key, t):
    # 公钥加密
    rsa = rsa.encrypt(t.encode("utf-8"), pu_key)
    return rsa
 
 
def rsa_decrypt(pr_key, t):
    # 私钥解密
    rsa = rsa.decrypt(t, pr_key).decode("utf-8")
    return rsa
 
 
if __name__ == "__main__":
    public_key, private_key = rsa.newkeys(512)   # 生成公钥、私钥
    print(&#39;公钥：&#39;, public_key)
    print(&#39;私钥：&#39;, private_key)
    text = &#39;I love Python!&#39;  # 加密对象
    encrypted_str = rsa_encrypt(public_key, text)
    print(&#39;加密字符串：&#39;, encrypted_str)
    decrypted_str = rsa_decrypt(private_key, encrypted_str)
    print(&#39;解密字符串：&#39;, decrypted_str)
 
&#39;&#39;&#39;
公钥： PublicKey(7636479066127060956100056267701318377455704072072698049978592945665550579944731953431504993757594103617537700972424661030900303472123028864161050235168613, 65537)
私钥： PrivateKey(7636479066127060956100056267701318377455704072072698049978592945665550579944731953431504993757594103617537700972424661030900303472123028864161050235168613, 65537, 3850457767980968449796700480128630632818465005441846698224554128042451115530564586537997896922067523638756079019054611200173122138274839877369624069360253, 4713180694194659323798858305046043997526301456820208338158979730140812744181638767, 1620238976946735819854194349514460863335347861649166352709029254680140139)
加密字符串： b"\x1aaeps\xa0c}\xb6\xcf\xa3\xb0\xbb\xedA\x7f}\x03\xdc\xd5\x1c\x9b\xdb\xda\xf9q\x80[=\xf5\x91\r\xd0&#39;f\xce\x1f\x01\xef\xa5\xdb3\x96\t0qIxF\xbd\x11\xd6\xb25\xc5\xe1pM\xb4M\xc2\xd4\x03\xa6"
解密字符串： I love Python!
&#39;&#39;&#39;
模块 Cryptodome：
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @Time    : 2022/9/29 10:43
# @Author  : lzc
# @Email   : hybpjx@163.com
# @File    : utilsMiddlewares.py
# @cnblogs : https://www.cnblogs.com/zichliang/
# @Software: PyCharm
 
import base64
from Cryptodome.PublicKey import RSA
from Cryptodome.Cipher import PKCS1_v1_5
 
 
data = "cKK8B2rWwfwWeXhz"
public_key = "MFwwDQYJKoZIhvcNAQEBBQADSwAwSAJBAM1xhOWaThSMpfxFsjV5YaWOFHt+6RvS+zH2Pa47VVr8PkZYnRaaKKy2MYBuEh7mZfM/R1dUXTgu0gp6VTNeNQkCAwEAAQ=="
rsa_key = RSA.import_key(base64.b64decode(public_key))  # 导入读取到的公钥
cipher = PKCS1_v1_5.new(rsa_key)                        # 生成对象
cipher_text = base64.b64encode(cipher.encrypt(data.encode(encoding="utf-8")))
print(cipher_text)

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