How to get the current time and date in Python

1. Basic introduction to time and date

The time and date type has two main modules in Python: time module and datetime module

time module: It is based on Unix Timestamp (timestamp) implementation , the range that can be expressed is limited to 1970-2038;

Time stamp: refers to the total number of seconds from 00:00:00 on January 1, 1970 to the present, The result is a floating point number.

2. Time and date type–time module

2.1 Get the current timestamp

print(time.time())

Example: Get how many seconds a program has been executed

import time
start_time = time.time()
sum = 0
for i in range(1000000):
    sum += i
end_time = time.time()
print("程序执行了%f秒"%(end_time - start_time))

Output Result:

The program executed for 0.128733 seconds

2.2 Convert timestamp to standard time and date format

Convert through time tuple, use time .localtime (timestamp) converts the obtained timestamp into a local time tuple, and use time.gmtime (timestamp) to convert the obtained timestamp into a Greenwich time tuple; if no parameters are added, the default is the current timestamp.

import time
time_tuple = time.localtime(time.time())
print("当前时间为{}年{}月{}日{}点{}分{}秒".format(time_tuple[0],time_tuple[1],time_tuple[2],time_tuple[3],time_tuple[4],time_tuple[5]))

2.3 Format time

(1) Output the time in (RPC) standard time format

time.asctime(time.localtime())  # 参数为时间元组
time.ctime(time.time())  # 参数为浮点数时间戳

Output result: Thu Jun 25 10:31:48 2020

(2) Format time with time.strftime()

# 格式化成2020-06-25 11:18:29形式
print(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",time.localtime()))
# 格式化成Thu Jun 25 11:18:29 2020形式
print(time.strftime("%a %b %d %H:%M:%S %Y",time.localtime()))

Note: The time formatting symbol in the strftime statement cannot contain Chinese. If you want to output Chinese, you should still output it through the above % statement. Or output in format format.

3. Time module case demonstration

Example: August 8, 2008, which day is 88,888,888 seconds after 20:08:08? Day of the week?

import time
# time.mktime()方法可以把时间元组转为时间戳
tuple01 = (2008,8,8,20,8,8,0,0,0)
# 待求时间戳
time01 = time.mktime(tuple01) + 88888888
# 待求时间元组
tuple02 = time.localtime(time01)
# 打印结果
print("结果:",time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S",tuple02),end="\t")
tuple_week = ("星期一","星期二","星期三","星期四","星期五","星期六","星期天")
print(tuple_week[tuple02[6]])

Output result: Result: 2011-06-03 15:29:36 Friday

4. Basic use of datetime module

4.1 date class

Get today’s date

date01 = datetime.date.today()

The returned result is 2020-06-26. You can access the year, month, and day attributes individually:

print("年份",date01.year)
print("月份",date01.month)
print("日期",date01.day)

4.2 time class

The time class can directly define the current time, accurate to microseconds

time01 = datetime.time(8,23,2,121212)

You can access the hours, minutes, seconds, and microseconds attributes individually:

print("时",time01.hour)
print("分",time01.minute)
print("秒",time01.second)
print("微秒",time01.microsecond)

4.3 datetime class

Get the date and time (year, month, date, hour, minute, second, microsecond, time zone)

datetime01 = datetime.datetime.now()

5. Basic use of datetime

5.1 Get the current time

from datetime import datetime
print(datetime.now())   # 获取当前日期时间
print(datetime.today()) # 获取当前时间
print(datetime.utcnow())    # 获取当前的格林尼治时间

Output result:

2020-06-26 16:35:43.928699
2020-06-26 16:35:43.928732
2020-06-26 08:35 :43.928741

5.2 Get the date and time of the current date and time

from datetime import datetime
dt01 = datetime.today()
print(dt01.date())
print(dt01.time())

Output result:

2020-06-26
16:35 :43.929583

Get the year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond of the date and time

from datetime import datetime
dt01 = datetime.today()
print(dt01.year)
print(dt01.month)
print(dt01.day)
print(dt01.hour)
print(dt01.minute)
print(dt01.second)
print(dt01.microsecond)

Output result:

2020
6
26
16
35
43
929583

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