golang initiates a request

Golang is a fast, simple, and secure programming language that is widely used for web application development. Initiating HTTP requests in Golang is a very common task. This article will introduce how to initiate HTTP requests in Golang.

1. Using the standard library
   Golang’s standard library includes the net/http package, which provides implementation of HTTP client and server. Use the net/http package to easily create HTTP requests and get responses.

The following is a simple example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    response, err := http.Get("https://www.google.com")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("请求错误：", err)
        return
    }
    defer response.Body.Close()

    fmt.Println("响应状态码：", response.Status)
}

In this example, we use the http.Get() method to initiate an HTTP GET request and obtain the response. It should be noted that the response Body must be closed after use.

2. Send POST request
   Sending POST request in Golang is also very simple. We just need to use the http.Post() method.

The following is an example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
    "net/url"
)

func main() {
    formData := url.Values{
        "username": {"admin"},
        "password": {"123456"},
    }

    response, err := http.PostForm("http://localhost:8080/login", formData)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("请求错误：", err)
        return
    }
    defer response.Body.Close()

    fmt.Println("响应状态码：", response.Status)
}

In this example, we use the http.PostForm() method to send a POST request with form data and get the response. It should be noted that form data needs to be encapsulated using the url.Values ​​type.

3. Custom request headers
   When sending HTTP requests, we sometimes need to customize request headers. Request headers can be easily customized using the Request type in the http package.

The following is an example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    request, err := http.NewRequest("GET", "https://www.google.com", nil)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("创建请求失败：", err)
        return
    }
    
    request.Header.Set("X-Custom-Header", "Golang")
    
    client := &http.Client{}
    response, err := client.Do(request)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("请求错误：", err)
        return
    }
    defer response.Body.Close()

    fmt.Println("响应状态码：", response.Status)
}

In this example, we use the http.NewRequest() method to create a custom request and set a custom request head. It should be noted that we use the http.Client{} type to send requests.

4. Using third-party libraries
   In addition to using the standard library, we can also use third-party libraries to send HTTP requests. There are many excellent HTTP client libraries in the Golang community, such as: httpclient, gorequest, etc. These libraries provide simpler APIs and better performance, which can help us send HTTP requests more efficiently.

The following is an example of using the httpclient library to send an HTTP request:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/mozillazg/request"
)

func main() {
    client := request.New()

    response, err := client.Get("https://www.google.com")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Println("请求错误：", err)
        return
    }
    defer response.Body.Close()

    fmt.Println("响应状态码：", response.Status)
}

In this example, we use the httpclient library to create an HTTP client and send a GET ask.

Summary
Initiating HTTP requests in Golang is a very common task. The net/http package in the Golang standard library already provides HTTP client and server implementations, which can meet most needs. For more complex requirements, we can use third-party libraries to improve code readability and performance. When writing HTTP requests, you need to pay attention to some details. For example: the response Body must be closed after use, and the form data needs to be encapsulated using the url.Values ​​type, etc.

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