How to use Linux commands to move/copy files/directories to a specified directory

Linux commands to move/copy files/directories to the specified directory

1. Copy files or folders under the same server

1.1 Copy files

Copy files: Copy 1.txt to the sbin directory under the root directory

cp +文件名（可带路径）+目标路径（带路径）
      如：cp   1.txt  ~/sbin/

1,2 Copy directory

Copy directory: Copy release to the root directory Under the nfs directory under the directory

(1). [cp] [-r] [Directory name (can have path)] [Target path (with path)] -r means copying all subdirectories under the directory and File

如：cp -r release  ~/nfs/

(2).[cp] [Directory name/*] [Target path (with path)] /* indicates all files and directories in the directory * is a wildcard character

如： cp release/* ~/nfs/

2. Copy files or folders across servers

scp is the abbreviation of secure copy, which is a command used to remotely copy files under Linux. A similar command is cp, but cp only copies locally and cannot cross servers, and scp transmission is encrypted.

When your server hard disk becomes a read-only system, use scp to help you move the files out.

2.1 Command format

scp [参数] [原路径] [目标路径]

2.2 Instructions

Copy from local server to remote server

2.2.1 Copy files:

$scp local_file remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder
$scp local_file remote_username@remote_ip:remote_file
$scp local_file remote_ip:remote_folder
$scp local_file remote_ip:remote_file

• If the user name is specified, the user password needs to be entered after the command is executed;

• If the user name is not specified, After the command is executed, you need to enter the user name and password;

2.2.2 Copy directory:

$scp -r local_folder remote_username@remote_ip:remote_folder
$scp -r local_folder remote_ip:remote_folder

• The first one specifies the user name, and the command is executed After that, you need to enter the user password;

• The second one does not specify a user name, and you need to enter the user name and password after the command is executed;

3. Usage examples

3.1. Example 1: Copy files from the server to the local directory

$scp root@10.6.159.147:/opt/soft/demo.tar  /opt/soft/

Instructions: From /opt/soft/ on the 10.6.159.147 machine Download the demo.tar file from the directory to the local /opt/soft/ directory

3.2. Example 2: Copy the folder from the server to the local

$scp -r root@10.6.159.147:/opt/soft/test  /opt/soft/

Instructions: From the 10.6.159.147 machine Download the test directory from /opt/soft/ to the local /opt/soft/ directory.

3.3. Example 3: Upload local files to the specified directory on the remote server

$scp /opt/soft/demo.tar root@10.6.159.147:/opt/soft/scptest

Instructions: Copy the file demo.tar in the local opt/soft/ directory to the opt/ of the remote machine 10.6.159.147 soft/scptest directory

3.4, Example 4: Upload the local directory to the specified directory on the remote machine

$scp -r /opt/soft/test root@10.6.159.147:/opt/soft/scptest

Instructions: Upload the local directory/opt/soft/test to the remote machine 10.6.159.147/opt /soft/scptest directory

4. Move the folder to another folder

mv 文件名 目标文件夹路径

Set Linux command alias

In When operating Linux, you may encounter some very long commands. This command is used frequently, and it will be very troublesome every time you enter it and execute it. It is convenient if you set a long command to a short alias.

Linux’s alias command can help us set aliases for long commands.

List of alias commands on the server

Execute the alias command on the Linux server and you will see several familiar commands. As follows.

[test@271ba307f4954c74955b28c8389bc648 ~]$ alias
alias egrep='egrep --color=auto'
alias fgrep='fgrep --color=auto'
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
alias l.='ls -d .* --color=auto'
alias ll='ls -l --color=auto'
alias ls='ls --color=auto'
alias vi='vim'
alias which='alias | /usr/bin/which --tty-only --read-alias --show-dot --show-tilde'

For example: the ll command is not a Linux command, ll is executed by setting an alias ls -l --color=auto.

alias Add alias

2.1 alias Add alias syntax

alias The syntax for adding alias is: alias [alias]='real command'.

2.2 alias Steps to add an alias

As shown below, add the command alias svccdl to the current Linux user test in order to enter the log file path of the day. The steps are as follows.

Enter the current user's home path, execute vi .bashrc, and add the following line of text:

alias svccdl='cd /home/test/logs/`date +%Y-%m-%d`'

The edited .bashrc file content is as follows.

# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
        . /etc/bashrc
fi
alias svccdl='cd /home/test/logs/`date +%Y-%m-%d`'
# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions

Execute source .bashrc to make the alias permanent.

[test@271ba307f4954c74955b28c8389bc648 ~]$ source .bashrc

Use test

[test@271ba307f4954c74955b28c8389bc648 ~]$ svccdl
[test@271ba307f4954c74955b28c8389bc648 2022-08-30]$ pwd
/home/test/logs/2022-08-30

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