How to implement MySQL database cluster in PHP

With the continuous development of Internet applications, the requirements for database performance and high availability are getting higher and higher, and database clusters have become an important solution.

MySQL is one of the most widely used relational databases at present, and PHP is a very commonly used language in web development. How to perfectly combine PHP with the MySQL database cluster to achieve high performance and high availability? Goals then become an issue.

This article will introduce how to use PHP to implement a MySQL database cluster.

1. Overview of MySQL database cluster

MySQL database cluster refers to a cluster environment composed of multiple servers. Multiple MySQL database servers are integrated into a whole through software technology, which improves the efficiency of the database system. Performance and availability.

There are two common cluster architectures, one is the master-slave replication mode, and the other is the multi-host parallel mode.

The master-slave replication mode is implemented by using the replication function of MySQL. One MySQL is used as the master database, and other MySQLs are used as slave databases. The data on the master database is synchronized to the slave database in real time, and the slave database is read-only. , without writing, thus improving the read performance and availability of the database.

Multi-host parallel mode uses multiple MySQL as the main database to run concurrently in the same cluster, and synchronizes data with each other through network protocols to achieve high data availability and scalability.

2. Building a MySQL database cluster

To build a MySQL database cluster, you need to first understand the MySQL database architecture and replication principles, and then you can better perfectly combine the MySQL cluster with PHP.

1. MySQL replication principle

The replication function of MySQL is implemented through binlog logs and relaylog logs. Binlog mainly records the operations of the MySQL server, including addition, deletion, Wait, relaylog mainly converts the original data into a data format that can be received by the slave server and passes it to the slave server.

2. MySQL cluster configuration

Enter the command vi /etc/my.cnf in the terminal to open the MySQL configuration file.

Add the following code under the [mysqld] section:

server-id=1 # Server number
log-bin=mysql-bin # Enable binary logs
binlog-ignore -db=information_schema # Non-logging database
binlog-ignore-db=mysql

Add the following code under the [mysqld] section. The address here is the address of the main database you want to connect to:

log-slave-updates=1 # Enable slave server log copying to other slave servers
relay-log=mysql-relay-bin # Enable relay log
relay-log-index=mysql-relay -bin.index
master-info-file=master.info
relay-info-file=relay-log.info
read_only=1 #Read-only mode, the slave server does not participate in the write operation of the master library
server-id=2 # Server number
log-bin=mysql-bin # Enable binary log
binlog-do-db=mydata # Name of the database to be replicated
replicate-ignore-db= information_schema # Replicate ignored database
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
relay-log-recovery=ON

The above configuration files for master-slave replication mode, configuration files for multi-host parallel mode You can refer to official documents or other information.

3. How to connect PHP to the MySQL cluster

PHP can be connected to the MySQ cluster using the mysqli extension, which is an enhanced version of the MySQL database and provides better performance and functionality.

The following is an example of PHP code that uses the mysqli extension to connect to a MySQL cluster:

$mysqli = new mysqli("mysql_server_1", "user", "password", "mydatabase"); # Connect to the main server

if ($mysqli->connect_errno) { # Connection failed
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL main server: (" . $mysqli->connect_errno . ") " . $ mysqli->connect_error;
} else { #Connect successfully
echo "Connected Successfully to MySQL main server. Host info: " . $mysqli->host_info . "
";
}

$mysqli->query("CREATE TABLE mytable (id INT, name VARCHAR(255))"); # Create the table on the main server
$mysqli->close(); # Close Connection to the main server

$mysqli = new mysqli("mysql_server_2", "user", "password", "mydatabase"); # Connection to the slave server

if ($mysqli-> ;connect_errno) { # Connection failed
echo "Failed to connect to MySQL slave server: (" . $mysqli->connect_errno . ") " . $mysqli->connect_error;
} else { # Connection successful
echo "Connected Successfully to MySQL slave server. Host info: " . $mysqli->host_info . "
";
}

$mysqli->query("SELECT * FROM mytable"); # Query the table from the slave server
$mysqli->close(); # Close the connection with the slave server

In the above example code, the master server is first connected, and then the master server is connected to the slave server. The table is created on the server, and then the slave server is connected through the mysqli extension, and the table is queried on the slave server.

IV. Conclusion

MySQL cluster is a perfect performance and availability solution, and PHP, as a widely used Web programming language, can better connect to the MySQL cluster through the mysqli extension and achieve high performance. performance and high availability goals.

Through the introduction of this article, it is very valuable for PHP developers to learn how to build and connect a MySQL cluster.

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