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What are the methods to force nginx to use https access?

PHPz

May 15, 2023 pm 11:40 PM

nginxhttps

nginx的rewrite方法

思路

这应该是大家最容易想到的方法，将所有的http请求通过rewrite重写到https上即可

配置

server { 
 listen 111:80; 
 server_name testcom; 
  
 rewrite ^(*)$ https://$host$1 permanent; 
}

搭建此虚拟主机完成后，就可以将http://test.com的请求全部重写到https://test.com上了

nginx的497状态码

error code 497

497 - normal request was sent to https

解释：当此虚拟站点只允许https访问时，当用http访问时nginx会报出497错误码

思路

利用error_page命令将497状态码的链接重定向到https://test.com这个域名上

配置

server { 
 listen  11:443; #ssl端口 
 listen  11:80; #用户习惯用http访问，加上80，后面通过497状态码让它自动跳到443端口 
 server_name testcom; 
 #为一个server{}开启ssl支持 
 ssl     on; 
 #指定pem格式的证书文件 
 ssl_certificate  /etc/nginx/testpem; 
 #指定pem格式的私钥文件 
 ssl_certificate_key /etc/nginx/testkey; 
  
 #让http请求重定向到https请求 
 error_page 497 https://$host$uri?$args; 
}

index.html刷新网页

思路

上述两种方法均会耗费服务器的资源，我们用curl访问baidu.com试一下，看百度的公司是如何实现baidu.com向www.baidu.com的跳转

What are the methods to force nginx to use https access?

可以看到百度很巧妙的利用meta的刷新作用，将baidu.com跳转到www.baidu.com.因此我们可以基于http://test.com的虚拟主机路径下也写一个index.html，内容就是http向https的跳转

index.html

<html> 
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="0;url=https://testcom/"> 
</html>

nginx虚拟主机配置

server { 
 listen 11:80; 
 server_name testcom; 
  
 location / { 
    #indexhtml放在虚拟主机监听的根目录下 
  root /srv/www/httptestcom/; 
 } 
  #将404的页面重定向到https的首页 
 error_page 404 https://testcom/; 
}

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