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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorialphp中mysql连接方式PDO使用详解_PHP

PDO常用方法:

PDO::query()主要用于有记录结果返回的操作(PDOStatement),特别是select操作。

PDO::exec()主要是针对没有结果集合返回的操作。如insert,update等操作。返回影响行数。
PDO::lastInsertId()返回上次插入操作最后一条ID,但要注意:如果用insert into tb(col1,col2) values(v1,v2),(v11,v22)..的方式一次插入多条记录,lastinsertid()返回的只是第一条(v1,v2)插入时的ID,而不是最后一条记录插入的记录ID。
PDOStatement::fetch()是用来获取一条记录。配合while来遍历。
PDOStatement::fetchAll()是获取所有记录集到一个中。
PDOStatement::fetchcolumn([int column_indexnum])用于直接访问列,参数column_indexnum是该列在行中的从0开始索引值,但是,这个方法一次只能取得同一行的一列,只要执行一次,就跳到下一行。因此,用于直接访问某一列时较好用,但要遍历多列就用不上。
PDOStatement::rowcount()适用于当用query("select ...")方法时,获取记录的条数。也可以用于预处理中。$stmt->rowcount();
PDOStatement::columncount()适用于当用query("select ...")方法时,获取记录的列数。

注解:
1、选fetch还是fetchall?
小记录集时,用fetchall效率高,减少从数据库检索次数,但对于大结果集,用fetchall则给系统带来很大负担。数据库要向WEB前端传输量太大反而效率低。
2、fetch()或fetchall()有几个参数:
mixed pdostatement::fetch([int fetch_style [,int cursor_orientation [,int cursor_offset]]])
array pdostatement::fetchAll(int fetch_style)

fetch_style参数:
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_BOTH); FETCH_BOTH是默认的,可省,返回关联和索引。
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC); FETCH_ASSOC参数决定返回的只有关联数组。
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_NUM); 返回索引数组
■$row=$rs->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_OBJ); 如果fetch()则返回对象,如果是fetchall(),返回由对象组成的二维数组

代码如下:


$dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=access_control', 'root', ''); 
$dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); 
$dbh->exec('set names utf8');
/*添加*/
//$sql = "INSERT INTO `user` SET `login`=:login AND `password`=:password";
$sql = "INSERT INTO `user` (`login` ,`password`)VALUES (:login, :password)";  $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);  $stmt->execute(array(':login'=>'kevin2',':password'=>'')); 
echo $dbh->lastinsertid(); 
/*修改*/
$sql = "UPDATE `user` SET `password`=:password WHERE `user_id`=:userId"; 
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); 
$stmt->execute(array(':userId'=>'7', ':password'=>'4607e782c4d86fd5364d7e4508bb10d9')); 
echo $stmt->rowCount();
/*删除*/
$sql = "DELETE FROM `user` WHERE `login` LIKE 'kevin_'"; //kevin% 
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); 
$stmt->execute(); 
echo $stmt->rowCount(); 
/*查询*/
$login = 'kevin%'; 
$sql = "SELECT * FROM `user` WHERE `login` LIKE :login"; 
$stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql); 
$stmt->execute(array(':login'=>$login)); 
while($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)){    
 print_r($row); 

print_r( $stmt->fetchAll(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC));
?>

1 建立连接

代码如下:


   $dbh=newPDO('mysql:host=localhost;port=3306; dbname=test',$user,$pass,array(
 PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT=>true
 ));
 ?>

持久性链接PDO::ATTR_PERSISTENT=>true

2. 捕捉错误

代码如下:


   try{
 $dbh=newPDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test',$user,$pass);
 $dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
 $dbh->exec("SET CHARACTER SET utf8");
 $dbh=null; //断开连接
 }catch(PDOException$e){
 print"Error!:".$e->getMessage()."
";
 die();
 }
 ?>

3. 事务的

代码如下:


try{
$dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);
$dbh->beginTransaction();//开启事务
$dbh->exec("insertintostaff(id,first,last)values(23,'Joe','Bloggs')");
$dbh->exec("insertintosalarychange(id,amount,changedate)
values(23,50000,NOW())");
$dbh->commit();//提交事务
}catch(Exception$e){
$dbh->rollBack();//错误回滚
echo"Failed:".$e->getMessage();
}
?>

4. 错误处理

a. 静默模式(默认模式)

代码如下:


$dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,PDO::ERRMODE_SILENT); //不显示错误
$dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING);//显示警告错误,并继续执行
$dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE,PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION);//产生致命错误,PDOException

代码如下:


   try{   
  $dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $password);   
  $sql = 'Select * from city where CountryCode =:country';   
  $dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_WARNING);   
  $stmt = $dbh->prepare($sql);   
  $stmt->bindParam(':country', $country, PDO::PARAM_STR);   
  $stmt->execute();   
  while ($row = $stmt->fetch(PDO::FETCH_ASSOC)) {     
   print $row['Name'] . "/t";   
  } 
 }   // if there is a problem we can handle it here 
 catch (PDOException $e)  {   
  echo 'PDO Exception Caught.  ';   
  echo 'Error with the database:
';   
  echo 'SQL Query: ', $sql;  
  echo 'Error: ' . $e->getMessage(); 
 }
 ?>

1. 使用 query()

代码如下:


$dbh->query($sql); 当$sql 中变量可以用$dbh->quote($params); //转义字符串的数据
$sql = 'Select * from city where CountryCode ='.$dbh->quote($country); 
foreach ($dbh->query($sql) as $row)   {   
 print $row['Name'] . "/t";   
 print $row['CountryCode'] . "/t";   
 print $row['Population'] . "/n";
}
?>

2. 使用 prepare, bindParam和 execute [建议用,同时可以用添加、修改、删除]

代码如下:


$dbh->prepare($sql); 产生了个PDOStatement对象

PDOStatement->bindParam()

PDOStatement->execute();//可以在这里放绑定的相应变量
?>

3. 事物

代码如下:


 try { 
  $dbh = new PDO('mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test', 'root', ''); 
  $dbh->query('set names utf8;'); 
  $dbh->setAttribute(PDO::ATTR_ERRMODE, PDO::ERRMODE_EXCEPTION); 
  $dbh->beginTransaction(); 
  $dbh->exec("Insert INTO `test`.`table` (`name` ,`age`)VALUES ('mick', 22);"); 
  $dbh->exec("Insert INTO `test`.`table` (`name` ,`age`)VALUES ('lily', 29);");
  $dbh->exec("Insert INTO `test`.`table` (`name` ,`age`)VALUES ('susan', 21);"); 
  $dbh->commit();
 } catch (Exception $e) { 
  $dbh->rollBack(); 
  echo "Failed: " . $e->getMessage(); 
 } 
?>

以上就是关于PHP中pdo的相关用法的全部内容了,希望本文能对大家有所帮助,也希望大家能够喜欢。

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