PHP method to implement database table partitioning

With the development of business and the increase of data volume, a single database table is often unable to store and manage large amounts of data. At this time, database sharding has become a very necessary data management method. This article will introduce how to use PHP to implement database table partitioning.

1. What is database table?

Database splitting is to split a large database table into multiple relatively small tables according to specific rules, and store these tables separately. This method can store data in the database in a decentralized manner to optimize database performance and manage data.

2. Why do you need database sub-tables?

1. Store a large amount of data

When the amount of data in a table is large, operations such as query, update, and deletion take a long time and affect performance. If the database is divided into tables, the data can be dispersed into multiple tables, so that the amount of data in a single table reaches a smaller range, thereby improving operation efficiency.

2. Avoid table locks and row locks

When multiple applications read and write the same table, read and write conflicts will occur, resulting in table locks and row locks. Through database sharding, data can be dispersed into multiple tables according to certain rules, reducing the reading and writing of the same table, thus effectively avoiding this situation.

3. Business management and classification

The database table sharding method can be classified according to business needs or implemented to separate databases and tables to facilitate business management and query.

3. How to use PHP to implement database table partitioning?

1. Table partitioning strategy

Database partitioning requires table division according to a specific strategy. Common methods are:

(1) Divide according to time, such as dividing tables according to year, month, day, etc.

(2) Divide according to data type, such as order table, user table, product table, etc.

(3) Divide according to the size of the data. For example, set a table to only store 100,000 pieces of data at most, and the excess data will be automatically stored in a new table.

Develop specific table sharding strategies based on different business needs.

2. Table creation statement generation

Use PHP to automatically generate table creation statements, and automatically generate table creation statements for multiple tables according to the table splitting strategy. Taking time as an example, you can use the following method to generate the table name and table creation statement:

$tableName = 'order_'.date('Ym');
$sql = 'CREATE TABLE `'.$tableName.'` (
      `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT PRIMARY KEY,
      `order_no` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
      `user_id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL,
      `status` tinyint(1) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0',
      `create_time` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8';

3. Insert data

Through the program logic of PHP, you can automatically identify which table the currently inserted data should be stored in , and then insert the data.

$time = time();
$tableName = 'order_'.date('Ym', $time);
$sql = 'INSERT INTO `'.$tableName.'` (`order_no`, `user_id`, `status`, `create_time`) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)';

$params = ['20210001', 1, 1, $time];
DB::getInstance()->execute($sql, $params);

HereDB::getInstance() is a database connection object, and the execute() method is the method for executing SQL statements.

4. Query data

Most business scenarios are to query data by time or page. When querying, you can query by operating different tables. Taking time as an example, you can use the following method to query order data:

$tableName = 'order_'.date('Ym', $time);
$sql = "SELECT * FROM `$tableName` WHERE `user_id` = ?";
$params = [1];
$result = DB::getInstance()->query($sql, $params);

5. Expand the full table

As the amount of data increases, new tables need to be added for data storage. You can use the following method to automatically generate a new table:

for ($i=1; $i<6; $i++) {
    $dt = strtotime("-$i month");
    $tableName = 'order_'.date('Ym', $dt);

    if (!existTable($tableName)) {
        $replaceSql = "REPLACE INTO `$tableName` (`order_no`, `user_id`, `status`, `create_time`) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?)";
        $params = [
            ['20210001', 2, 1, $dt],
            ['20210002', 2, 1, $dt],
            ['20210003', 3, 1, $dt],
            ['20210004', 2, 1, $dt],
        ];

        foreach ($params as $item) {
            DB::getInstance()->execute($replaceSql, $item);
        }
    }
}

The above code will automatically generate the order table for the past 5 months. If the table does not exist, create a new table and insert 4 pieces of fake data.

4. Summary

Database sharding is an important way of data management, which can effectively improve performance and management efficiency. Using PHP to implement database table partitioning is relatively simple. You only need to formulate a specific table partitioning strategy, automatically generate table creation statements and insert statements, and perform data query and management through different tables.

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