How to write golang code

Go is an open source programming language that is widely used to develop efficient, scalable and maintainable software applications. In this article, we’ll explore how to write Go code, including Go’s basic syntax, types, functions, and packages.

1. Basic syntax of Go

Go is a C-like language that adopts a concise and fast syntax structure. Here are some basic Go syntax:

Variable declaration:

Variables in Go language must be declared before you can use it. The general syntax for variable declaration is: var variable name variable type.

For example, to declare an integer variable:

var n int

Or you can use the simplified version:

n := 10

Variables in the Go language must be used, otherwise the compiler will report an error.

Function:

The function in Go language consists of keyword func, function name, parameter list, return value type, and function body. The general structure of a function is as follows:

func function name (parameter list) (return value type) {
// Code block
}

For example, define a function and return two The result of adding two integers:

func add(x int, y int) int {
return x y
}

Function in Go language can also have multiple returns value.

Control statements:

In addition to the common if, for, and switch statements, Go provides some extended control statements, such as select and defer.

The select statement is used to receive data from multiple channels and can wait for data transmission from multiple channels at the same time.

The defer statement is used to perform some cleanup work at the end of the function, such as closing files or releasing resources.

2. Types of Go

Types in the Go language are divided into basic types and composite types.

Basic types include: bool, int, float, byte, rune (representing Unicode code points), string, etc.

Composite types include: arrays, slices, structures, pointers, maps, channels, etc.

Here are some common Go types:

Array:

An array is a sequence of elements of the same type of a specified length. For example, declare an integer array of 3 elements:

var a [3]int

Slicing:

Slicing is a type of dynamic array that extends the original array The length to implement the ability to add elements. For example:

b := []int{1, 2, 3}

Structure:

The structure is a custom type that consists of multiple fields Composed, each field can be a variable of different types. For example, define a structure named Person:

type Person struct {
name string
age int
city string
}

3. Go Functions

Functions are the basic building blocks in the Go language. Functions can accept parameters and return values. The following are some common Go functions:

Function accepts multiple parameters:

func greet(name string, age int) {
fmt.Printf("Hello, %s! You are %d years old.
", name, age)
}

The function returns multiple values:

func swap(x, y int) (int, int) {
return y, x
}

The function can also pass another function as a parameter:

func apply(f func(int) int, v int) int {
return f(v)
}

4. Go’s package

Package is the basic module in the Go language, which is used to organize and reuse code. Go provides a large number of standard packages, such as fmt, os and net.

To import a package in Go, you can use the keyword import and the path to the package. For example, import the fmt package:

import "fmt"

Before using the package, you must use the package name as a prefix.

In addition to standard packages, Go also supports custom packages. To create a custom package, place multiple related Go files in the same directory and name them the same package name. For example, to create a package named game, you can create a game.go file and a game_test.go file, and add the package game declaration to the files.

Summary

Go language is a fast and concise programming language that is efficient, scalable and maintainable. When learning the Go language, you must be familiar with Go's basic syntax, types, functions, packages and other concepts. Proficiency in writing Go code can improve the stability and efficiency of the program, as well as improve development speed and code maintainability.

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