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How SpringBoot realizes automatic injection of configuration classes through custom annotations

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2023-05-14 22:34:121295browse

前言

SpringBoot中通过@ConfigurationProperties@Value注解就可以获取配置文件中的属性定义并绑定到Java Bean或属性上,这也是我们平常使用最多的一种方式。但是小胖在开发过程中就遇到一个问题:在做MQ的开发中,配置文件中会配置多个生产者分别提供不同的业务能力,如果通过@ConfigurationProperties注解来实现的话,这就意味着需要创建多个属性一样的配置类,虽然说可以实现功能,但是很明显,这不是一个很好的设计。场景如下所示:

producer1:
    password: xxx
    app: xxx
    address: url1
    enabled: false
    
producer2:
    password: xxx
    app: xxx
    address: url1
    enabled: false

实现思路

在我们日常的开发工作中,经常可以见到的是通过自定义注解+拦截器+反射从而实现对权限的校验或者对实体类字段值格式进行校验。那么,我们是不是也可以参考这个思路达到我们的目的呢?答案是肯定的,其实如果对Mabatis等组件比较熟悉的话,就可以看到这样的设计。我们话不多少,开搞~

开搞

以下内容,为了方便,我们将配置相关内容改为人员(people)

自定义配置类读取配置

首先,有一点是不会改变的,我们需要自定义一个配置类,用于读取配置文件中的配置。这里,我们需要改变一下我们配置文件信息里。将所有的配置信息放到一个类里。

my:
  peoples:
    people1:
      userName: 张三
      userSex: 男
    people2:
      userName: 李四
      userSex: 女

然后,定义一个配置类用来接收,这里通过@ConfigurationProperties注解实现对配置的注入。要注意,因为我们在peoples下面有很多的people,因此,属性应给定义的是一个MAP的类型。

@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "my",ignoreUnknownFields = false)
public class PeopleConfigs {

    private Map<String, PeopleEntity> peoples;

    public Map<String, PeopleEntity> getPeoples() {
        return peoples;
    }

    public void setPeoples(Map<String, PeopleEntity> peoples) {
        this.peoples = peoples;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "PeopleConfigs{" +
                "peoples=" + peoples +
                &#39;}&#39;;
    }
}

public class PeopleEntity {

    private String userName;
    private String userSex;

    public String getUserName() {
        return userName;
    }

    public void setUserName(String userName) {
        this.userName = userName;
    }

    public String getUserSex() {
        return userSex;
    }

    public void setUserSex(String userSex) {
        this.userSex = userSex;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "PeopleEntity{" +
                "userName=&#39;" + userName + &#39;&#39;&#39; +
                ", userSex=&#39;" + userSex + &#39;&#39;&#39; +
                &#39;}&#39;;
    }
}

这样,Springboot就会自动加载我们这个配置类。但是,这个的整个PeopleConfigs是一个Bean,并不能达到我们本文的目的,因此我们进行后续的步骤。

自定义注解

我们声明一个运行时的注解,在属性上进行使用。这里定义name用来标记需要注入的是哪个人。

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({ElementType.FIELD})
public @interface People {
    String name() default "";
}

创建子配置Bean

首先,定义一个autoConfig的配置类,该类通过@EnableConfigurationProperties注解,指定PeopleConfig Bean在本类之前进行装载。通过@Bean方法注解进行bean声明,此处调用的是单个people配置类的bean生成的方法。

@Configuration
@EnableConfigurationProperties({PeopleConfigs.class})
public class PeopleAutoConfig {

    @Autowired
    PeopleConfigs peopleConfigs;

    @Bean
    public PeopleRegister peopleRegister(){
        return new PeopleRegister(peopleConfigs);
    }
}

通过反射进行people bean的注入

这里不得不提到BeanPostProcessor类,该类为我们提供了springBoot在bean初始化前后方便我们进行其他自定义操作的一些接口。我们这里通过实现postProcessBeforeInitialization方法,在bean装载之前,通过反射判断对应bean上是否有我们自定义的people注解。如果有,则进行注入操作。详细代码如下:

public class PeopleRegister implements BeanPostProcessor, ApplicationContextAware {

    private final PeopleConfigs peopleConfigs;

    private GenericApplicationContext applicationContext;

    PeopleRegister(PeopleConfigs peopleConfigs){
        this.peopleConfigs = peopleConfigs;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        Class<?> beanClass = AopUtils.getTargetClass(bean);
        Field[] fields = beanClass.getDeclaredFields();
        Field[] var5 = fields;
        int var6 = fields.length;

        for(int var7 = 0;var7<var6;var7++){
            Field field = var5[var7];
            People annotation = field.getAnnotation(People.class);
            if (annotation!=null){
                PeopleEntity entity = this.peopleConfigs.getPeoples().get(annotation.name());
                if (!this.applicationContext.containsBean(annotation.name())){
                    ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = this.applicationContext.getBeanFactory();
                    Object wrapperBean = beanFactory.initializeBean(entity, annotation.name());
                    beanFactory.registerSingleton(annotation.name(), Objects.requireNonNull(wrapperBean));
                }

                try{
                    field.setAccessible(true);
                    field.set(bean, this.applicationContext.getBean(annotation.name(), PeopleEntity.class));
                }catch (Exception e){
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        return bean;
    }


    @Override
    public void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext applicationContext) throws BeansException {
        this.applicationContext = (GenericApplicationContext)applicationContext;
    }
}

使用

前面工作进行完成后,接下来就是我们的使用环节,这里,我们仅需要通过@People(name = "人")指定即可:

@Controller
public class BaseController {

    @Autowired
    PeopleConfigs peopleConfigs;
    @People(name = "people1")
    PeopleEntity people1;
    @People(name = "people2")
    PeopleEntity people2;

    @ResponseBody
    @GetMapping("/test")
    public String test() {
        return peopleConfigs.toString()+people1.toString()+people2.toString();
    }
}

效果

How SpringBoot realizes automatic injection of configuration classes through custom annotations

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