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golang deployment rollback

May 14, 2023 pm 03:52 PM

Golang 是一种由 Google 开发的开源编程语言,它的高效性、简洁性和强大性深受开发者的喜爱。但是,在部署 Golang 项目时,会遇到一些问题,比如如何实现快速的部署和回滚,本文将介绍如何利用一些工具和技术实现 Golang 项目的快速部署和回滚。

一、使用 Docker 容器部署 Golang 项目

Docker 是目前最流行的容器化技术,它可以将整个应用程序及其依赖项打包在一个容器中,并在任何环境中运行。使用 Docker 部署 Golang 项目有以下优点:

  1. 隔离性好:每个 Docker 容器都是相对隔离的,不会影响其他容器或主机上运行的应用程序。
  2. 可移植性强:Docker 可以在不同的平台和环境中运行,如 Linux、Windows、MacOS 等。
  3. 快速部署:利用 Dockerfile 和 Docker Compose 等工具可以实现快速部署。

下面是一个使用 Docker 部署 Golang 项目的示例:

  1. 安装 Docker

首先,需要在部署机器上安装 Docker,这里不再详细介绍如何安装 Docker,请自行查阅相关文档。

  1. 编写 Dockerfile 文件

编写 Dockerfile 文件,指定 Golang 项目的镜像基础文件和可执行文件等。一个简单的 Dockerfile 文件如下:

FROM golang:1.16-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /go/src/app
COPY . .
RUN go build -o app

FROM alpine AS runner
RUN apk --no-cache add ca-certificates
WORKDIR /app
COPY --from=builder /go/src/app/app .
EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["./app"]

该 Dockerfile 文件从 golang:1.16-alpine 基础镜像中构建,将当前目录下所有文件复制到容器中,然后进行编译,并生成可执行文件 app。最终将可执行文件拷贝到 alpine 镜像中,并配置容器的启动命令为运行 app。

  1. 构建 Docker 镜像

在 Dockerfile 文件所在目录中执行以下命令即可构建 Docker 镜像:

docker build -t my-golang-app .

其中 -t 参数指定镜像名称为 my-golang-app。

  1. 运行 Docker 容器

在部署机上运行如下命令启动 Docker 容器:

docker run --name my-golang-app -p 8080:8080 -d my-golang-app

其中 --name 参数指定容器名称为 my-golang-app,-p 参数指定容器端口 8080 映射到主机的端口 8080,并使用 -d 参数将容器后台运行。

二、使用 Git 和 Webhook 实现快速回滚

在 Golang 项目部署之后,如何实现快速的回滚是一个需要考虑的问题。这里将使用 Git 和 Webhook 组合来实现快速回滚。

  1. 配置 Git 仓库

首先需要将 Golang 项目代码托管到 Git 仓库中,并配置好 SSH 授权,这里不再详细介绍如何配置 Git 仓库,请自行查阅相关文档。

  1. 安装 Webhook 工具

Webhook 是一个轻量级的 Webhook 命令行工具,它可以将 HTTP 请求转换为 shell 命令,并可以用于更新代码、构建项目和部署应用程序等。在部署主机上安装 Webhook 工具,这里以 Ubuntu Linux 为例:

sudo apt-get install webhook
  1. 编写 Webhook 配置文件

编写 webhook.json 配置文件,设置 Webhook 的监听端口、Git 仓库地址、Git 分支名称和 shell 命令等。

[
  {
    "id": "my-golang-app",
    "execute-command": "/home/my-golang-app/deploy.sh",
    "command-working-directory": "/home/my-golang-app",
    "response-message": "Executing deploy.sh for my-golang-app..."
  }
]

其中 my-golang-app 是项目名称,deploy.sh 是回滚脚本名称,/home/my-golang-app 是项目所在目录。

  1. 编写回滚脚本

编写 deploy.sh 回滚脚本,实现回滚操作,示例代码如下:

#!/bin/bash

cd /home/my-golang-app

if git checkout $1; then
  echo "Rollback to branch $1 successfully."
else
  echo "Rollback to branch $1 failed."
fi
  1. 启动 Webhook 服务

在项目主机上运行如下命令即可启动 Webhook 服务:

webhook -verbose -hooks /home/my-golang-app/webhook.json -hotreload

其中 -verbose 参数指定开启详细输出信息,-hooks 参数指定 webhook.json 配置文件路径,-hotreload 参数指定在配置文件修改后自动重新加载。

  1. 使用 Webhook 触发回滚操作

在 Git 仓库中,可以新建一个分支并将代码回滚到该分支,然后再使用 Webhook 启动回滚脚本,实现快速回滚。例如:

$ git branch rollback
$ git checkout rollback
$ # make some changes and commit
$ # push changes to Git repository
$ curl -X POST http://localhost:9000/hooks/my-golang-app?branch=rollback

其中 branch 参数指定回滚到的 Git 分支名称,Webhook URL 为 http://localhost:9000/hooks/my-golang-app。

总结

使用 Docker 容器部署 Golang 项目和使用 Git 和 Webhook 实现快速回滚可以大大提高项目的部署和回滚效率。我们可以根据实际需求选择适合的工具和技术,这样能够让我们的开发工作更加高效和愉悦。

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