Golang writes Ethereum

Blockchain technology has now developed into a new computer paradigm, and Ethereum is one of the blockchain platforms that has attracted much attention. Ethereum's advantages in smart contracts have attracted more and more attention from the industry, and its openness, transparency and security have also led more and more developers to choose to develop on this platform.

At the same time, Golang, as a fast and efficient programming language, is also constantly expanding its application areas. What are the advantages of using Golang in Ethereum development? Details will be introduced next.

1. Advantages of Golang

The advantages of Golang lie in its rich functions, high development efficiency, fast running speed, and strong concurrency.

1. Rich functions

Golang has built-in networking-related functions, including HTTP, TCP and DNS, etc., making it easy to build network applications.

2. High development efficiency

Golang has a concise and clear grammatical structure, which is designed to facilitate development. At the same time, Golang has automatic memory management and garbage collection functions, which can reduce the programmer's workload.

3. Fast running speed

Golang is called a "compiled language" and can check for code errors during the compilation process. In addition, Golang uses static compilation, which can be directly compiled into machine code and has better performance than interpreted languages.

4. Strong concurrency

Golang has built-in goroutine and channel, which can efficiently achieve multi-task concurrency and greatly improve the execution efficiency of the code. .

2. Using Golang in Ethereum

1. Ethereum and Solidity

Ethereum is a distributed system platform based on blockchain technology , whose main features are decentralization, allowing smart contracts and a trustless model. On Ethereum, smart contracts are written using the Solidity language.

Solidity is a contract-oriented programming language that is similar to existing programming languages ​​and supports features such as object-oriented and inheritance, but its focus is on the writing of smart contracts. Solidity is a programming language for the Ethereum Virtual Machine.

2. Related Tools

2.1 Truffle Framework

Truffle is a Node.js-based development tool for interaction and intelligence with Ethereum Development of contracts. Truffle can write smart contracts through Golang and compile them into Solidity bytecode. With Truffle, developers can develop and test on their local network.

2.2 geth

geth is the official client of Ethereum and can also be developed using Golang. Through geth, developers can access the Ethereum network and write smart contracts and Dapp applications.

3. Writing Smart Contracts in Golang

Golang provides a variety of ways to write Ethereum smart contracts. Among them, the two most common ways are by using the go-ethereum library or Truffle Framework.

3.1 go-ethereum

go-ethereum is an Ethereum client written in Golang. Developers can write smart contracts using the programming languages ​​and tools provided by go-ethereum. go-ethereum is responsible for directly compiling the written smart contract to run on the Ethereum Virtual Machine.

3.2 Solidity bytecode

Solidity bytecode is the bytecode form of Ethereum smart contracts. Solidity bytecode can be compiled using Golang and uploaded to the Ethereum network as part of a smart contract.

3. Ethereum smart contract case

The following is a simple Ethereum smart contract case, written using Golang and Solidity:

Code example:

pragma solidity ^0.4.24;

contract SimpleContract {
    uint public data;

    function set(uint x) public {
        data = x;
    }

    function get() public constant returns(uint x) {
        return data;
    }
}

The smart contract includes a smart contract called "SimpleContract" that can set and get data.

Compile the smart contract into Solidity bytecode through Truffle and upload it to the Ethereum network. The code is as follows:

truffle compile
truffle deploy

Use Golang to interact with the smart contract. The code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "context"
    "crypto/ecdsa"
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "math/big"

    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/accounts/abi/bind"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/common"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/core/types"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/crypto"
    "github.com/ethereum/go-ethereum/ethclient"

    simplecontract "path/to/contract" //设置路径
)

func main() {
    client, err := ethclient.Dial("http://localhost:8545") //以太坊网络地址
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to connect to the Ethereum client: %v", err)
    }

    privateKey, err := crypto.HexToECDSA("YOUR_PRIVATE_KEY")//私钥
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to parse private key: %v", err)
    }

    publicKey := privateKey.Public()
    publicKeyECDSA, ok := publicKey.(*ecdsa.PublicKey)
    if !ok {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to cast public key to ECDSA: %v", err)
    }

    fromAddress := crypto.PubkeyToAddress(*publicKeyECDSA)
    nonce, err := client.PendingNonceAt(context.Background(), fromAddress)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to retrieve account nonce: %v", err)
    }

    gasPrice, err := client.SuggestGasPrice(context.Background())
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to retrieve suggested gas price: %v", err)
    }

    auth := bind.NewKeyedTransactor(privateKey)
    auth.Nonce = big.NewInt(int64(nonce))
    auth.Value = big.NewInt(0)   
    auth.GasLimit = uint64(30000) 
    auth.GasPrice = gasPrice 

    address := common.HexToAddress("CONTRACT_ADDRESS")//智能合约地址
    instance, err := simplecontract.NewSimpleContract(address, client)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to instantiate a contract: %v", err)
    }

    input := "Set Data"
    result, err := instance.Set(auth, input)
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to call the Set function: %v", err)
    }

    fmt.Printf("Set Data Transaction Hash ID: %v", result.Hash().Hex())

    retrievedData, err := instance.GetData(&bind.CallOpts{})
    if err != nil {
        log.Fatalf("Failed to retrieve the stored data: %v", err)
    }

    fmt.Printf("Retrieved Data: %v", retrievedData)
}

This Golang program will interact with the "SimpleContract" smart contract on the Ethereum network: store "Set Data" into the data and retrieve the stored data from the data.

Summary:

As a fast and efficient programming language, Golang has great advantages in combining with Ethereum. In Ethereum development, Golang can greatly improve development efficiency, running speed and concurrency. For developers, using Golang to write Ethereum smart contracts can lead to faster and more efficient development.

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