Routing library in PHP8.0

PHP is a widely used server-side scripting language, and many web applications are developed using PHP. In web applications, routing is an essential component. The purpose of routing is to distribute requests from the browser to the correct controller or handler.

PHP8.0 is the latest PHP version, which brings many new features and improvements, one of which is routing. The routing library in PHP8.0 is a powerful library that helps web developers implement routing functions more easily.

The name of this routing library is FastRoute, which is a fast and flexible routing library. Its goal is to provide a fast and reliable routing solution. FastRoute supports functions such as RESTful routing, dynamic routing, parameter matching, and regular expression routing.

Let’s take a look at how to use FastRoute to implement routing functions. First, we need to install the FastRoute library in the PHP project. It can be installed using Composer:

composer require nikic/fast-route

Next, we need to create a router class and define some routing rules. These routing rules will determine how requests are handled in our web application.

The following is an example of a simple router class:

use FastRouteRouteCollector;

class Router
{
    private $routeCollector;

    public function __construct(RouteCollector $routeCollector)
    {
        $this->routeCollector = $routeCollector;
    }

    public function addRoute($httpMethod, $route, $handler)
    {
        $this->routeCollector->addRoute($httpMethod, $route, $handler);
    }

    public function dispatch($httpMethod, $uri)
    {
        $routeInfo = $this->routeCollector->dispatch($httpMethod, $uri);

        switch ($routeInfo[0]) {
            case FastRouteDispatcher::NOT_FOUND:
                // handle 404 Not found
                break;
            case FastRouteDispatcher::METHOD_NOT_ALLOWED:
                // handle 405 Method not allowed
                break;
            case FastRouteDispatcher::FOUND:
                $handler = $routeInfo[1];
                $vars = $routeInfo[2];
                // call $handler with $vars
                break;
        }
    }
}

In the above example, we created a class named Router and passed in the RouteCollector instance of FastRoute. This class has three methods:

• addRoute($httpMethod, $route, $handler): used to add a routing rule. $httpMethod refers to the HTTP request method, such as GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc. $route is the routing rule. $handler is the callback function containing the controller and action used to handle the request.
• dispatch($httpMethod, $uri): used to dispatch requests. $httpMethod refers to the HTTP request method, and $uri is the requested URI.
• handle 404/405: When the requested routing rule does not exist or the HTTP request method is not supported, we need to return 404 Not found or 405 Method not allowed.

Next, we can define some routing rules and add them to the Router, for example:

$router = new Router(
    FastRoutesimpleDispatcher(function(FastRouteRouteCollector $r) {
        $r->addRoute('GET', '/user/{id:d+}', 'UserController@show');
        $r->addRoute('POST', '/user/{id:d+}', 'UserController@update');
        $r->addRoute('DELETE', '/user/{id:d+}', 'UserController@delete');
        $r->addRoute('GET', '/about', 'AboutController@index');
    })
);

In the above example, we defined four routing rules. The first is a GET request to display user information, the second is a POST request to update user information, the third is a DELETE request to delete user information, and the last one is a GET request to display the About Us page. These routing rules all use some dynamic routing and parameters (such as {id:d}), which can extract variables from the URL and pass them to the controller for processing.

Next, we can use this Router class to handle HTTP requests. For example:

$router->dispatch($_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'], $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI']);

In the above code, we use $_SERVER['REQUEST_METHOD'] and $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'] to get the HTTP method and URI of the request, and pass them to the dispatch method for processing . Based on the request's HTTP method and URI, Router will call the appropriate controllers and handlers to handle the request.

Summary:

Routing is a key component of a web application, which determines how the application handles requests from the browser. FastRoute is a fast and flexible routing library that provides many features, including RESTful routing, dynamic routing, parameter matching, and regular expression routing. Using the FastRoute library in PHP8.0, we can implement routing functions more easily and improve the efficiency and reliability of web applications.

The above is the detailed content of Routing library in PHP8.0. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!