With the continuous development of modern Internet technology, the number of website visits is increasing, which also puts forward higher requirements for the concurrent processing capabilities of the server. How to improve the concurrent processing capabilities of the server is a problem that every developer needs to face. In this context, PHP8.0 introduces the new feature of Fibers, allowing PHP developers to master a new way of concurrency processing.
What are Fibers?
First of all, we need to understand what Fibers are. Fibers are lightweight threads that efficiently support asynchronous processing of PHP code. Traditional PHP code is single-threaded and cannot truly implement asynchronous operations. It often needs to wait for the completion of I/O operations, resulting in unnecessary blocking. The emergence of Fibers solves this problem, allowing PHP code to support concurrent processing like other languages such as Node.js.
Using Fibers to achieve concurrency
Let’s talk about how to use Fibers to achieve concurrency.
- Install Swoole extension
In PHP8.0, Fibers is implemented based on Swoole extension, so you need to install the Swoole extension first. It can be installed through PECL:
pecl install swoole
- Creating Fiber objects
Using Fibers to achieve concurrency requires creating Fiber objects. Creating Fiber objects can be achieved by creating anonymous functions or class methods. For example:
$fiber = new SwooleFiber(function() { // 这里是并发要执行的代码 }); 或 class MyClass { public function onReceive($server, $fd, $reactor_id, $data) { // 这里是并发要执行的代码 } } $fiber = new SwooleFiber([$myClass, 'onReceive']);
- Start Fiber
After creating the Fiber object, you need to start Fiber. To start Fiber, you can use the start
method or the suspend
method. Use the start
method to start Fiber immediately and execute the code defined in Fiber. For example:
$fiber->start();
and the suspend
method can suspend the execution of Fiber and wait for the next execution. For example:
$fiber->suspend();
- Switch Fiber
In Fiber, use the swoole_fiber_switch
function to switch the execution of Fiber. For example:
function foo() { echo 'foo '; yield; echo 'bar '; yield; echo 'baz'; } $fiber1 = new SwooleFiber($foo); $fiber2 = new SwooleFiber($foo); $fiber1->start(); $fiber2->start(); while ($fiber1->getStatus() !== SwooleFiber::STATUS_DEAD || $fiber2->getStatus() !== SwooleFiber::STATUS_DEAD) { if ($fiber1->getStatus() !== SwooleFiber::STATUS_DEAD) { swoole_fiber_switch($fiber1); } if ($fiber2->getStatus() !== SwooleFiber::STATUS_DEAD) { swoole_fiber_switch($fiber2); } }
In the above example, we created two Fiber objects and let them execute alternately, outputting foobarbaz
.
- Using coroutine API
In addition to manually switching Fiber, the Swoole extension also provides some coroutine APIs for convenient concurrent processing. For example, use the Co::create
method to create a coroutine object, and use Co::parallel
to allow multiple coroutines to execute in parallel. For example:
$urls = [ 'http://example.com/foo', 'http://example.com/bar', 'http://example.com/baz', ]; $coros = []; foreach ($urls as $url) { $coros[] = Co::create(function() use ($url) { $html = file_get_contents($url); return strlen($html); }); } $results = Co::parallel($coros);
In the above example, we created three coroutine objects, accessed three URLs respectively, and finally used the Co::parallel
method to parallelize these three coroutines. Execute, get the results and return.
Summary
Fibers is a new feature introduced in PHP8.0, which gives full play to Swoole's extended concurrency processing capabilities. Using Fibers can easily implement asynchronous processing of PHP code and improve the concurrent processing capabilities of the server. Of course, Fibers also need to be used with caution and attention should be paid to avoiding problems such as resource competition. I hope that the introduction in this article can help PHP developers understand Fibers better and perform better concurrency processing.
The above is the detailed content of How to use Fibers to achieve concurrency in PHP8.0. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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