本文实例讲述了smarty模板引擎基础知识。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：
一、基本概念
1.什么是mvc?
mvc是一种开发模式，核心思想是：数据的输入、数据的处理、数据显示的强制分离。
2.什么是smarty?
smarty是一个php的模板引擎。更明确的来说，它可以帮助开发者更好的分离程序逻辑和页面显示。
3.smarty运行原理
模板文件，就是一个显示数据的模板，其中需要显示的数据用占位符代替。
smarty运行时，会读取模板文件，将模板文件中的占位符替换成真正的数据，并输出一个处理后的php文件，交由服务器运行。
二、自己写一个smarty模板
为了更好的理解smarty模板，现在自己先写一个自己的smarty模板-minismarty，让自己更加深入的了解smarty运行原理。
1.新建项目minismarty
新建模板文件路径：templates
新建模板文件被编译后的文件路径：templates_c
新建模板文件：intro.tpl
新建运行的文件：index.php
新建自己的smarty,即处理模板的文件：cls_MiniSmarty.php
2.编写index.php文件
<?php
require_once './cls_MiniSmarty.php';
$miniSmarty = new MiniSmarty();
//传递数据
$miniSmarty->assign("title","hello minismarty!");
$miniSmarty->assign("content","<font color='red'>this is content!</font>");
//传递数据到哪个页面显示
$miniSmarty->display("intro.tpl");
?>
3.编写intro.tpl文件
<!--这是个模板文件-->
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en" />
<meta name="GENERATOR" content="PHPEclipse 1.0" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
<title>{$title}</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000" link="#FF9966" vlink="#FF9966" alink="#FFCC99">
{$content}
</body>
</html>
这里面的内容是用占位符的形式，smarty的作用就是将占位符的内容替换成真正的数据。
这样就可以实现模板文件和数据文件强制分离，通过smarty进行数据的传递。
4.编写cls_MiniSmarty.php文件
<?php
/**
*
* 原本是通过smarty模板引擎给模板提供数据的
* 现在自己模仿写一个模板，给模板提供数据的类
* smarty运行时，读取模板文件，将模板文件替换成可运行的php文件
* 服务器真正运行的文件是处理后的文件
*/
class MiniSmarty {
//模板文件路径
var $template_dir = "./templates/";
//模板文件被替换后的文件路径
var $templates_c_dir = "./templates_c/";
//存放变量值
var $tpl_vars = array ();
//主要模拟2个方法
/**
* 添加数据
* 参数1：键
* 参数2：值，默认为null
*/
function assign($tpl_var, $var = null) {
if ($tpl_var != '') {
$this->tpl_vars[$tpl_var] = $var; //将数据添加到数组中
}
}
/**
* 显示数据
* 参数1：显示到哪个模板文件中
*/
function display($tpl_file) {
//获得模板文件的路径
$tpl_file_path = $this->template_dir . $tpl_file;
//获得模板文件被编译后的文件路径
$compile_file_path = $this->templates_c_dir . "com_" . $tpl_file . ".php";
//判断文件是否存在
if (!file_exists($tpl_file_path)) {
return false;
}
//不用每次都生成编译文件,只有编译文件不存在或者模板文件被修改了才生成新的编译文件
//相当于缓存了编译文件
//filemtime函数：获得文件的生成时间
if (!file_exists($compile_file_path) || filemtime($tpl_file_path) > filemtime($compile_file_path)) {
//读取模板文件的内容
$fpl_file_content = file_get_contents($tpl_file_path);
$newStr = myReplace($fpl_file_content);
//将替换后的字符串生成新的文件，也就是编译后的文件
file_put_contents($compile_file_path, $newStr);
}
//引入编译后的文件
include $compile_file_path;
}
/**
* 对模板文件中的内容进行替换，获得新的字符串
*/
function myReplace($fpl_file_content) {
$pattern = array (
'/\{\s*\$([a-zA-Z_][a-zA-Z0-9_]*)\s*\}/i'
);
$replace = array (
'<?php echo $this->tpl_vars["${1}"] ?>'
);
$newStr = preg_replace($pattern, $replace, $fpl_file_content);
return $newStr;
}
}
?>
preg_replace方法介绍：
参数1：替换的规则
参数2：替换成的内容
参数3：替换操作的内容
5.运行结果
标题和内容都显示出来了:
结论：
真正运行的文件，既不是index.php，也不是intro.php，而是二者通过smarty作用后的文件:
com_intro.tpl.php。这个文件中数据来源于index.php，显示的布局来自intro.tpl，中间的桥梁是smarty。
smarty的作用是接受数据、填充数据（替换模板中的占位符）、并加载替换后的文件。
三、讲解smarty使用细节
1.如何配置smarty?
解压后，将libs文件夹拷贝到项目目录下即可，然后再创建2个文件夹templates和templates_c，分别放模板文件和模板编译后文件。
2.使用smarty注意事项
①替换变量的标示符。
因为默认的表示符是{}这个和style样式中的{}发生冲突，所以需要修改一下默认的标识符，一般修改为：{}
②修改标识符的方法。
方法一：直接修改smarty类源码：不推荐。
方法二：使用smarty提供的方法进行修改。
$smarty->left_delimiter="{<";
$smarty->right_delimiter=">}";
③smarty的一些基本配置
$smarty->template_dir="./templates";//模板路径 $smarty->compile_dir="./templates_c";//编译路径 $smarty->caching=false; //是否使用缓存 $smarty->cache_dir="./smarty_cache";//如果使用缓存的话：缓存的路径
3.smarty模板技术分配变量的细节问题
一句话：可以分配php支持的各种数据。
php基本数据：int double string bool
复合数据类型：array object
特殊数据类型：resource null
希望本文所述对大家的php程序设计有所帮助。
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