golang private method

Golang is a powerful programming language that supports object-oriented programming (OOP). Using Golang, you can write code similar to other OOP languages, such as Java, C# or Python. One of the concepts is private methods. This article will introduce private methods in Golang.

What is a private method?

Private methods refer to methods that can only be called inside the class (structure). This is typically used as a helper method to help a class achieve a specific purpose. Unlike public methods, private methods cannot be called externally. Private methods usually have the following characteristics:

• They can only be accessed inside the class (or structure).
• Their names usually start with a lowercase letter to indicate privacy.
• They do not affect the public interface of the class (or structure).

Why do we need private methods?

Private methods are usually used as auxiliary methods to help a class achieve a specific purpose. These methods can improve code readability, maintainability, and security.

For example, suppose you have a class named Account that contains a public variable named balance, which represents the balance of the account. To protect its balance from malicious modification, you might add a private method called checkBalance. The checkBalance method will verify that the balance passed to it is valid. The internal implementation of this method is only for internal use of the class and does not need to be made public.

How to create a private method?

In Golang, public methods start with an uppercase letter, while private methods start with a lowercase letter. To create a private method, add a function to the structure or type and start its name with a lowercase letter. This makes it a private method of the type or structure and can only be called by other functions of the type or structure.

For example, here is a simple structure that contains a public method named hello and a private method named goodbye:

type myStruct struct {
    name string
}

func (m *myStruct) Hello() {
    fmt.Println("Hello,", m.name)
}

func (m *myStruct) goodbye() {
    fmt.Println("Goodbye,", m.name)
}

In the above code, Hello (uppercase Letter H) are public methods and can be called from outside. And goodbye (lowercase letter g) is a private method that can only be called from other functions of the structure and cannot be used from the outside.

Using Private Methods

To call private methods from other functions in the structure, you can create a public method in the structure and call the private method in it. For example:

func (m *myStruct) Greet() {
    m.Hello() // 公共方法，内部调用
    m.goodbye() // 私有方法，内部调用
}

In the above code, Greet is a public method and can be called from outside. It internally calls the public method Hello and the private method goodbye.

Public methods can be called anywhere, but private methods are not visible outside the class (structure).

Summary

Golang is a powerful programming language that supports object-oriented programming (OOP). One such concept is private methods, which are methods that can only be called inside a class or structure. Private methods are often used as auxiliary methods to help a class achieve a specific purpose, which often improves the readability, maintainability, and security of the code. In Golang, to create a private method, you only need to ensure that the method name starts with a lowercase letter. In a structure, you can call private methods by creating public methods. Remember that private methods can only be called inside a class or structure.

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