How to call Golang TiDB

Preface

With the continuous development of the Internet industry, there have been many changes in data processing methods. Traditional relational databases can no longer bear the high concurrent reading and writing of massive data and the requirements of high availability, and are gradually being replaced by distributed databases. TiDB is a distributed NewSQL database provided by PingCAP. It is fully compatible with the MySQL protocol, distributed, highly available, and scalable. It is widely used in the Internet, finance, e-commerce and other fields.

In the process of using TiDB, Golang is a commonly used programming language. It provides a wealth of third-party libraries and concise syntax features. When used in conjunction with TiDB, it can complete efficient and reliable data processing tasks. This article mainly introduces how to call TiDB in Golang for the reference of developers.

Preparation

Before you start calling TiDB, you need to complete the following preparations:

1. Install TiDB

Download TiDB on the official website Binary package, just unzip it to a local directory.

2. Create TiDB database

After starting TiDB locally, use the MySQL client to connect to TiDB. The default username and password are root. After the connection is successful, use SQL statements to create a test table:

CREATE DATABASE test;
USE test;
CREATE TABLE user (
  id INT(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  name VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
  age INT(3) NOT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (id)
);
INSERT INTO user(name, age) VALUES('Tom', 20);

3. Install Golang

Download the Golang binary package on the official website and install it according to the official documentation. After the installation is complete, set the environment variables and test whether the installation was successful.

Write code to call TiDB

After completing the above preparations, you can then write Golang code to call TiDB for data processing. A sample code is provided below for readers' reference.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "database/sql"
    _ "github.com/go-sql-driver/mysql"
)

func main() {
    // 定义连接字符串
    connStr := fmt.Sprintf("%s:%s@tcp(%s:%d)/%s?charset=%s",
        "root", "", "127.0.0.1", 4000, "test", "utf8mb4")

    // 连接数据库
    db, err := sql.Open("mysql", connStr)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("链接数据库失败: %s
", err)
        return
    }
    defer db.Close()

    // 查询数据
    rows, err := db.Query("SELECT * FROM user")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("查询数据失败: %s
", err)
        return
    }
    defer rows.Close()

    // 循环读取数据
    for rows.Next() {
        var id int
        var name string
        var age int
        err := rows.Scan(&id, &name, &age)
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Printf("读取数据失败: %s
", err)
            continue
        }

        fmt.Printf("ID: %d, Name: %s, Age: %d
", id, name, age)
    }

    // 处理异常
    if err := rows.Err(); err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("处理异常失败: %s
", err)
        return
    }
}

Referring to the above code, we can see the specific steps for calling TiDB in Golang:

1. Define the connection string

Before connecting to TiDB, we need to first Define the connection string. This includes user name, password, host name, port number, database name, character set and other information. There are the following points to note about TiDB:

• TiDB is based on the MySQL protocol and uses port 4000 by default.
• TiDB supports utf8mb4 and utf8mb4_unicode_ci character sets, and utf8mb4 is recommended.

2. Connect to the database

After defining the connection string, you can use the sql.Open function to connect to the database. This function returns a sql.DB object representing a database connection pool. It should be noted that the connection pool here is automatically managed when used, and developers do not need to explicitly call the Close method to close the connection.

3. Query data

After the connection is successful, you can use the db.Query function to execute SQL statements, taking query data as an example. This function returns a sql.Rows object representing a query result set. It should be noted that the query result set is also a connection pool, and developers do not need to explicitly call the Close method.

4. Loop to read data

Through the above rows.Next() and rows.Scan() functions, each row of data can be read in a loop and stored in a variable. The rows.Next() function here represents whether there is a next record, and the rows.Scan() function represents reading the column value of the current row.

5. Handling exceptions

In the process of using TiDB, many exceptions may occur, such as connection failure, query statement error, failure to read data in a loop, etc. These exceptions need to be handled in time, otherwise they may cause system crashes and other problems.

Summary

This article mainly introduces how to call TiDB for data processing in Golang. Through the above sample code, we can see that TiDB can provide efficient and reliable distributed data processing services, and Golang, as a commonly used programming language, can greatly improve development efficiency when used in conjunction with TiDB. I hope this article will be helpful to the majority of developers.

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