How to use the network security audit tool Nmap

1. Software download

https://nmap.org/download.html

2. Scan IP

nmap 192.168.1.10               #Scan single IP

nmap 192.168.1.10-100                                                                                                                                                                 way way way way way out way out way out way out out out out out out way outole way out wayoleole way wayoleole way wayole way way way way way way out right Out out out out out out out out out out out off ’ it t ’ s ? #Scan the entire network segment

nmap -iL list.txt                         #Scan based on the file list

#list.txt

192.168.1.20

192.168.1.21  

NMAP -IR 3#Randomly scan 3 IP

Nmap 192.168.1.10-100 -EXClude 192.168.1.20#Excluding specified IP

## NMAP 192.168.1.1/24 --excludefilelelele list. txt     #Remove excluded IP from the file

nmap -A 192.168.1.10   #-A integrates most useful scanning commands

-o Used to identify remote operating systems

－ｓＣ Used to run the default script scan

-Pn           #Ping No No need to ping to scan

-sP                     #simple Ping                                       #Simple Ping                                                                                                                    

-PS             #Scan with ping      

-PU         #Sniff control UDP

-p                 # 0-65535   #Specify port

- PA # ACK Protocol

-PY #CTP Protocol

-PE #Default method without parameters ICMP

-PP #ICMP timestamp sniffing control command, used for sniffing Detect targets protected by firewalls

-PO1, 2, 3 #Select different protocols to scan 1 is ICMP 2 IGMP 4 IP

--traceroute IP #Routing process

-R #DNS reverse query

nmap --system-dns 192.168.1.10 #Use the host system's own DNS resolver

nmap --dns-servers 202.103.24.68 192.168.1.10 #Specify DNS server

nmap -sL 192.168.1/24 #Get the host list quickly

-sS #TCP SYN scan

-sT

#Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org )

Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification}

TARGET SPECIFICATION:

Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc.

Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254

-iL : Input from list of hosts/networks

-iR : Choose random targets

--exclude : Exclude hosts/networks

--excludefile : Exclude list from file

HOST DISCOVERY:

-sL : List Scan - simply list targets to scan

-sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan

-Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery

- PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports

-PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes

-PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping

-n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes]

--dns-servers : Specify custom DNS servers

--system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver

--traceroute: Trace hop path to each host

SCAN TECHNIQUES:

-sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans

-sU: UDP Scan

-sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans

--scanflags : Customize TCP scan flags

-sI : Idle scan

-sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans

-sO: IP protocol scan Activate protocol scan

-b : FTP bounce scan

PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER:

-p : Only scan specified ports specifies the port to be scanned

Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9

--exclude- ports : Exclude the specified ports from scanning

-F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan Quickly scan more than 1,000 commonly used ports

-r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize

--top-ports : Scan most common ports

  --port-ratio : Scan ports more common than

SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION:

  -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info

  --version-intensity : Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes)

  --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2)

  --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9)

  --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging)

SCRIPT SCAN:

  -sC: equivalent to --script=default

  --script=: is a comma separated list of

           directories, script-files or script-categories

  --script-args=: provide arguments to scripts

  --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file

  --script-trace: Show all data sent and received

  --script-updatedb: Update the script database.

  --script-help=: Show help about scripts.

            is a comma-separated list of script-files or

           script-categories.

OS DETECTION:

  -O: Enable OS detection

  --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets

  --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively

TIMING AND PERFORMANCE:

  Options which take are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds),

  's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m).

  -T<0-5>: Set timing template (higher is faster)

  --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup : Parallel host scan group sizes

  --min-parallelism/max-parallelism : Probe parallelization

  --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout : Specifies

      probe round trip time.

  --max-retries : Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions.

  --host-timeout : Give up on target after this long

  --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay : Adjust delay between probes

  --min-rate : Send packets no slower than per second

  --max-rate : Send packets no faster than per second

FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING:

  -f; --mtu : fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU)

  -D : Cloak a scan with decoys

  -S : Spoof source address

  -e : Use specified interface

  -g/--source-port : Use given port number

  --proxies : Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies

  --data : Append a custom payload to sent packets

  --data-string : Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets

  --data-length : Append random data to sent packets

  --ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options

  --ttl : Set IP time-to-live field

  --spoof-mac : Spoof your MAC address

  --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum

OUTPUT:

  -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG : Output scan in normal, XML, s|

     and Grepable format, respectively, to the given filename.

  -oA : Output in the three major formats at once

  -v: Increase verbosity level (use -vv or more for greater effect)

  -d: Increase debugging level (use -dd or more for greater effect)

  --reason: Display the reason a port is in a particular state

  --open: Only show open (or possibly open) ports

  --packet-trace: Show all packets sent and received

  --iflist: Print host interfaces and routes (for debugging)

  --append-output: Append to rather than clobber specified output files

  --resume : Resume an aborted scan

  --stylesheet : XSL stylesheet to transform XML output to HTML

  --webxml: Reference stylesheet from Nmap.Org for more portable XML

  --no-stylesheet: Prevent associating of XSL stylesheet w/XML output

MISC:

  -6: Enable IPv6 scanning

  -A: Enable OS detection, version detection, script scanning, and traceroute

  --datadir : Specify custom Nmap data file location

  --send-eth/--send-ip: Send using raw ethernet frames or IP packets  隐藏IP

  --privileged: Assume that the user is fully privileged

  --unprivileged: Assume the user lacks raw socket privileges

  -V: Print version number

  -h: Print this help summary page.

EXAMPLES:

  nmap -v -A scanme.nmap.org

  nmap -v -sn 192.168.0.0/16 10.0.0.0/8

  nmap -v -iR 10000 -Pn -p 80

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