购买 SSL 证书
既然要加密提高网站安全级别,那么选择一款性价比合适的 SSL 在所难免。SSL 证书购买途径有很多,也有一些是免费的,试过一些免费 SSL 证书但觉得续签麻烦,不太稳定,也不安全。国内 CA 机构 CFCA 中国金融认证中心 SSL 产品研发负责人也表示:网站管理人员及 CA 机构都应对免费证书持谨慎态度。因为付费的也不是很贵,就选了比较常用的 Comodo PositiveSSL,在 gogetssl 买比官网便宜不少。
我们以 gogetssl 家的 Comodo PositiveSSL 证书为例,记录 Nginx 配置安装 ssl 证书的过程,具体原理就不说了。
准备证书
首先需要购买证书,Comodo PositiveSSL,三年只要 9.65 美金。
购买完成后,邮件会得到几封邮件,其中包含 key 代码、证书压缩包等附件,解压之会得到 4 个文件。AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt、COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt、COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt、www_91zll_net.crt,这就是我们要用到的证书了。
串联证书
执行合并命令生成新文件 ssl-bundle.crt
cat www_91zll_net.crt COMODORSADomainValidationSecureServerCA.crt COMODORSAAddTrustCA.crt AddTrustExternalCARoot.crt > ssl-bundle.crt
生成私钥
将刚才gogetssl 发的邮件里的 key 代码,即 —–BEGIN PRIVATE KEY—– 和 —–END PRIVATE KEY—– 之间的代码(包含这两行)复制保存为 91zll_net.key 文件。利用 KEY私钥格式转换工具 来进行转换一下,从PKCS8 Key 转换为 RSA Key。
创建一个证书存放路径
mkdir -p /etc/ssl/private/
将前面生成的 91zll_net.key 和 ssl-bundle.crt 上传服务器,一般放在 /etc/ssl/private/ 目录下。
修改 Nginx 配置
下面是我 nginx 关于 ssl 部分的配置,因为要全局使用 https,故将 80 端口重定向到 https 下。
server { listen 80; server_name 91zll.ne www.91zll.net location / { rewrite (.*) https://www.91zll.net$1 permanent; } } server { listen 443 ssl; server_name 91zll.net www.91zll.net; ssl on; ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/private/ssl-bundle.crt; ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/private/91zll_net.key; ssl_stapling on; ssl_stapling_verify on; resolver 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4 valid=300s; resolver_timeout 5s; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA:DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA:ECDHE-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA:AES256-GCM-SHA384:AES128-GCM-SHA256:AES256-SHA256:AES128-SHA256:AES256-SHA:AES128-SHA:DES-CBC3-SHA:HIGH:!aNULL:!eNULL:!EXPORT:!DES:!MD5:!PSK:!RC4"; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; }
具体参数的含义就不多说了,请自行google。使用前先测试一下。
nginx -t
检测没问题后,重启 nginx
service nginx restart
The above is the detailed content of How to enable SSL in Nginx. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

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