How to use ORM framework in PHP?

How to use ORM framework in PHP?

ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) is a programming technology. Its main function is to map data from a relational database into objects in the program. The use of ORM framework can significantly improve the maintainability and readability of code. In PHP, the ORM framework can be used to operate the database more conveniently, so the ORM framework has also become a very important tool in PHP development. This article will introduce how to use the ORM framework in PHP.

1. Overview of the ORM framework

The ORM framework is a tool that maps relational databases to objects, encapsulating the details related to the database. The core idea of ​​ORM is to map objects to tables in relational databases, that is, each class corresponds to a table, and objects can be directly manipulated at the code level without considering the details of database operations.

The use of the ORM framework can bring many benefits, such as:

1. It can avoid hand-written SQL statements, reduce code complexity and the chance of errors.
2. Can better control database operations and improve data security and data consistency.
3. Can easily realize multi-table query and data relationship management.

2. Use of ORM framework in PHP

In PHP, the use of ORM framework is very convenient. Commonly used ORM frameworks include Doctrine, Yii, Laravel, etc. Here we take the Laravel framework as an example.

1. Install the Laravel framework

First you need to install the Laravel framework locally. Laravel provides a command line tool called "Artisan" that can quickly create application skeletons. Use the following command to install the Laravel framework:

composer create-project --prefer-dist laravel/laravel laravel-orm

Here we create a project named laravel-orm, which can be named according to actual needs.

2. Create database

Before using the ORM framework, you need to create a database and establish the relevant table structure. You can use phpMyAdmin or other database management tools to create a database. The following is a sample table structure:

CREATE TABLE `users` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `email` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL UNIQUE,
  `password` varchar(255) COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci NOT NULL,
  `created_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  `updated_at` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_unicode_ci;

A table named "users" is created here, containing 5 fields: id, name, email, password, created_at and updated_at.

3. Use the ORM framework for database operations

It is very simple to use the ORM framework to operate the database in Laravel. You only need to define the corresponding model. Model is an important concept in the ORM framework. It represents a table. Using the model, you can directly operate the data in the table without handwriting SQL statements.

In Laravel, models are usually located in the Models subdirectory under the app directory. The following is the code of an example User model:

<?php

namespace AppModels;

use IlluminateDatabaseEloquentModel;

class User extends Model
{
    protected $table = 'users';

    protected $fillable = [
        'name', 'email', 'password'
    ];

    protected $hidden = [
        'password', 'remember_token',
    ];
}

The User model here inherits from Laravel's built-in Model class. The $table attribute defines the table name corresponding to the model, and the $fillable and $hidden attributes define which fields can be batch assigned and hidden.

Using the ORM framework, you can easily add, delete, modify, and query data. Here is some sample code:

• New data:

$user = new User();
$user->name = 'John Doe';
$user->email = 'john@example.com';
$user->password = bcrypt('secret');
$user->save();

• Query data:

$user = User::find(1);

• Update data ：

$user = User::find(1);
$user->name = 'Jane Doe';
$user->save();

• Delete data:

$user = User::find(1);
$user->delete();

The above examples are just the basic syntax of the ORM framework. The Laravel ORM framework also provides a lot of advanced syntax, such as query builder , association model, etc.

3. Summary

The ORM framework can help PHP developers reduce the workload of handwritten SQL statements and enhance the readability and maintainability of the code. It is very common to use ORM frameworks in PHP projects. The Laravel framework also provides powerful ORM functions that can help us operate the database more efficiently. Mastering the use of ORM framework is a very valuable skill for PHP developers.

The above is the detailed content of How to use ORM framework in PHP?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!