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java array
1) Declaration form:
type[] arrayName; Recommended method
type arrayName[];

 2) 初始化:
方式一:
type[] arrayName;
arrayName = new type[] {element1, element2, element3, ...}
方式二:
type[] arrayName = {element1, element2, element3, ...}
方式三:报错
type[] arrayName;    
arrayName = {element1, element2, element3, ...}
方式四:
type[] arrayName = new type[length];

说明:
方式四中,系统为数组元素分配初始值,如byte,int long - > 0, float,double -> 0.0, boolean -> false, 引用类型 -> null。
不要在进行数组初始化时,即指定数组长度,有为每个元素分配初始值。
数组长度是数组的属性,arrayName.length,即可访问。
foreach循环方法:
for ( type var : array | collection ) {
    ...
}
    注:这种方法中var只是原集合中的一个副本,对var进行修改,不会改变原集合的内容。

3) 多维数组
type[][] arrName = new type[length][];  // 可以仅指定高维
type[][] arrName = new type[length2][length3];  
String[][] str1 = new String[][] {new String[3], new String[] {"hello"}} // 可见低维长度可以不等

4) 操作数组工具类Arrays
binarySearch, copyOf, sort, toString等 (补充用例)

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