How to integrate vue and java

With the continuous development of front-end technology, Vue has become a popular framework in front-end development, and Java is one of the important languages ​​for enterprise-level application development. The integration of the two has also become a concern for many companies. In this article, we will discuss how Vue and Java are integrated, as well as the meaning and methods of integration.

1. The significance of integration

The integration of Vue and Java is mainly to meet the needs of enterprise-level applications, involving seamless connection between the front and back ends. The applications of some large enterprises need to support the transmission and processing of massive data. How to transmit and process data is the primary issue of integration.

Generally, the front-end is developed using Vue, and the back-end is developed using Java. The front-end and back-end separation model allows front-end and back-end development to be carried out in parallel, which can reduce coordination costs and development time. However, the separation of front-end and back-end also means that the two modules of the front-end and back-end need to interact and communicate with each other, which requires us to integrate.

2. Integration method

1. RESTful API

RESTful API is currently the most common front-end and back-end data interaction method. This method can easily integrate Vue The application is integrated with the Java backend. In practice, we can use Vue's axios component and Spring Boot's RestController annotation as an interaction method. Vue uses the axios component to send an HTTP request to the RestController in the Spring Boot backend. Spring Boot parses the HTTP request and finally returns an HTTP response in JSON format. Vue displays the data by processing the response.

2. WebSocket

WebSocket is a protocol of HTML5 that enables two-way communication between the browser and the server. This method has good real-time performance and can meet the needs of strong real-time performance, such as online chat, online games and other scenarios.

Vue can use the WebSocket API to communicate directly with the Java backend and use Java's WebSocket API for development. Vue establishes a WebSocket connection with the Java backend through WebSocket. Java sends real-time data to Vue through this connection, and Vue displays the data.

3. Integration steps

1. Configuring Vue

In Vue, we need to install the axios component and use the npm install axios command to install it. After installation, just add a reference to axios in the Vue entry file.

2. Configuring Java backend

In the Java backend, we need to use Spring Boot as the development framework and configure some dependencies. For example:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

You also need to configure the WebSocket Endpoint in Java to receive Vue's WebSocket request, process the data and return it to Vue.

3. Implement data interaction and communication

After completing the above configuration, we can start to realize data interaction and communication. When using the RESTful API method, we can use Vue's axios component to send HTTP requests, and use Java's Spring Boot framework to receive the request and process the data returned in JSON format. Among them, in Java, you need to use the @RestController annotation to mark a class or method to make it a RESTful API.

If you use the WebSocket method, we need to implement Java's WebSocket Endpoint class, which must contain three methods: onOpen(), onClose() and onMessage(). Vue will make a request to WebSocket, the Java backend will receive the request and send the required data to Vue, and Vue will listen for the data received from WebSocket.

4. Example

In order to better understand the integration of Vue and Java, we can demonstrate it through an example. Here we take "online chat room" as an example.

1. Configuring Vue

In Vue, we can use components in Element UI to implement chat room page layout. In the main component of the chat room, use the axios component for processing when sending requests.

<script>
import axios from 'axios'
export default {
  data() {
    return {
      message: '',
      chatRecords: []
    }
  },
  ...
  methods: {
    // 定义发送消息方法
    send: function() {
      let that = this
      axios.post('/chat/send', {
        message: that.message
      }).then(function (response) {
        that.chatRecords.push('我: ' + that.message)
        that.message = ''
      })
    }
  }
}
</script>

2. Configuring the Java backend

We use the Spring Boot framework to implement the Java backend and need to introduce Spring Boot WebSocket related dependencies.

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-websocket</artifactId>
</dependency>

In the backend code, we can define WebSocket Endpoint.

@Component
@ServerEndpoint("/chat")
public class ChatWebSocket {
  private static final List<Session> sessions = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<Session>();
  
  @OnOpen
  public void onOpen(Session session) throws IOException {
    sessions.add(session);
  }
  
  @OnClose
  public void onClose(Session session) throws IOException {
    sessions.remove(session);
  }
  
  @OnMessage
  public void onMessage(String message, Session session) throws IOException {
    // 处理接收到的消息
    for (Session s : sessions) {
      s.getBasicRemote().sendText(message);
    }
  }
}

3. Realize data interaction and communication

In the above code, @ServerEndpoint("/chat") indicates that this class is the Endpoint of WebSocket. @OnOpen, @OnClose and @OnMessage are event listeners for establishing a connection, closing a connection and receiving a message respectively.

When sending a message in Vue, it will call the RESTful interface or connect to WebSocket. The Java backend receives the request from Vue and returns the data to Vue after processing. Subsequent messages will be communicated in real time via WebSocket.

<script>
import io from 'socket.io-client'
export default {
  ...
  mounted() {
    // 连接WebSocket
    var socket = io.connect('http://localhost:8080/chat');
    var that = this;

    // 监听服务端消息
    socket.on('message', function (data) {
      that.chatRecords.push(data);
    })
  }
}
</script>

A listening method is defined in Vue to display chat records in real time. WebSocket will call this method to refresh the data when receiving a message.

5. Conclusion

The integration of Vue and Java can bring significant improvements to enterprise-level application development. Vue can help us achieve rapid development of front-end views, and Java can implement data processing and interaction. During the integration process, we need to pay attention to the choice of integration method and follow the steps to configure and implement it. In short, the integration of Vue and Java can greatly improve project development efficiency and user experience, and is of great significance to the development of enterprise-level applications.

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