Types of golang errors

Golang is a fast compiled programming language loved for its efficient concurrency processing and concise syntax. Although Golang's code is more reliable and stable, we will inevitably make mistakes when writing code. In this article, we will explore error types in Golang.

1. Syntax Error

A syntax error refers to code that the compiler cannot understand. These errors are usually due to incorrect syntax or missing keywords, for example:

package

This code snippet lacks a package name, and the compiler will report the following error:

syntax error: unexpected package, expecting name or “{” or string

2. Type error

Golang is a strongly typed language, so types need to be specified at compile time. A type error is an error in which the variable type does not match the specified type. For example:

var a int = "hello"

In this code snippet, the variable a is specified as an int type, but a string is accepted. The compiler will report the following error:

cannot use "hello" (type string) as type int in assignment 

3. Run-time error

Run-time error refers to an error in which the program cannot run normally. These errors usually occur when the program is running. An exception or error occurred. For example:

var b int = 0
var c int = 10 / b

In this code snippet, the variable b is specified as 0, which will cause a runtime error when used for division operations. The compiler will report the following error:

runtime error: integer divide by zero

4. Logical error

Logical error means that the program code does not meet expectations, but it does not cause a compiler or runtime error. These errors are usually caused by incorrect code logic or incorrect calculations. For example:

import "fmt"

func main() {
    for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
        fmt.Print(i)
        if i == 3 {
            break
        }
    }
}

In this code snippet, the expected result is to print the numbers 0 to 3 in a loop and exit the loop at 3. But the number 4 is printed multiple times after exiting the loop. This is because the last iteration of i by the for loop has resulted in i = 4, but the break statement has not yet been executed. Neither the compiler nor the runtime will report an error, but logical errors will cause the program to fail to execute correctly.

Summary

In Golang, errors usually fall into one of the above four types. The chance of errors can be reduced through proper coding and testing for common error types. When facing errors, we should learn to read error messages and fix them based on the error type and information.

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