How to implement plug-ins in golang

With the continuous expansion of the scale of computer software systems, the scalability of programs has become the focus of most companies and teams. A common way to achieve scalability is through pluggable architecture. The plug-in mechanism allows the program's functions to be expanded at any time without directly modifying the program's code. Compared with the traditional modular architecture, the plug-in architecture is more flexible, highly cohesive and manageable. This article introduces how to design and implement plug-in mechanism in golang language.

1. The concept of plug-in

A plug-in refers to a component that can be dynamically loaded and extend program functions. Plug-ins are usually independent of the main program and can be loaded or unloaded while the main program is running. Plug-ins usually contain one or more interfaces through which they communicate with the main program.

In a plug-in architecture, the main program is responsible for loading or unloading plug-ins, communicating with plug-ins, and coordinating collaboration between plug-ins. Plug-ins are responsible for implementing the functions they provide and exposing them to the main program for calls through pre-defined interfaces.

2. golang plug-in

In golang, you can use dynamic link libraries (Dynamic Linking Libraries) to achieve plug-in. The specific steps are as follows:

• Define the interface or structure type of the plug-in as required
• Write the plug-in code and compile it in the form of a dynamic link library
• Provide function interfaces or dynamic library function calls in the main program, Load the dynamic link library and call the plug-in code at runtime

Below we will implement the above steps step by step.

3. Define the plug-in interface

We need to determine what the plug-in we want to implement needs to do and what interfaces it provides. Taking a simple calculator program as an example, we define the plug-in interface as follows:

package plugin

type CalculatorPlugin interface {
    GetName() string
    Add(int, int) int
    Sub(int, int) int
}

4. Writing plug-in code

We assume that there are two plug-ins: AddPlugin and SubPlugin. They all implement the CalculatorPlugin interface.

AddPlugin implements two methods: GetName() and Add().

package main

import (
    "github.com/bwmarrin/discordgo"
    "github.com/derry6/DSGO_BOT/plugin"
)

type AddPlugin struct {
}

func (ap *AddPlugin) GetName() string {
    return "加法插件"
}

func (ap *AddPlugin) Add(a, b int) int {
    return a + b
}

func New() plugin.CalculatorPlugin {
    return &AddPlugin{}
}

func main() {}

SubPlugin implements two methods: GetName() and Sub().

package main

import (
    "github.com/bwmarrin/discordgo"
    "github.com/derry6/DSGO_BOT/plugin"
)

type SubPlugin struct {
}

func (sp *SubPlugin) GetName() string {
    return "减法插件"
}

func (sp *SubPlugin) Sub(a, b int) int {
    return a - b
}

func New() plugin.CalculatorPlugin {
    return &SubPlugin{}
}

func main() {}

What needs to be noted in the code is the New() function, which returns a value of CalculatorPlugin interface type. The main program will use this function to dynamically load the plug-in.

5. Compile plug-in

Use the go build command to compile the plug-in and generate a dynamic link library.

go build -buildmode=plugin -o add.so add.go
go build -buildmode=plugin -o sub.so sub.go

6. Loading plug-ins in the main program

The main program is responsible for loading plug-ins. We need to define a function to load the plug-in according to the path where it is located.

func LoadPlugin(path string) (p plugin.CalculatorPlugin, err error) {
    plugin, err := plugin.Open(path)
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    symbol, err := plugin.Lookup("New")
    if err != nil {
        return nil, err
    }
    return symbol.(func() plugin.CalculatorPlugin)(), nil
}

7. Using the plug-in function

After the main program loads the plug-in, we can obtain the name of the plug-in and perform addition and subtraction operations through the methods provided by the plug-in. The following is a sample code:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/derry6/DSGO_BOT/plugin"
)

func main() {
    addPlugin, _ := LoadPlugin("./add.so")
    subPlugin, _ := LoadPlugin("./sub.so")

    fmt.Println("插件名称: ", addPlugin.GetName())
    fmt.Println("3 + 2 = ", addPlugin.Add(3, 2))

    fmt.Println("插件名称: ", subPlugin.GetName())
    fmt.Println("3 - 2 = ", subPlugin.Sub(3, 2))
}

8. Summary

The plug-in in golang is implemented through the dynamic link library. With the plug-in mechanism, the code can be greatly improved. scalability and maintainability. When we need to add new functions, we only need to write corresponding plug-ins instead of modifying the original code of the program. The design idea of ​​plug-in architecture and the implementation of golang compiled plug-ins can allow us to better design and develop software engineering.

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