golang handles http requests

1. Foreword

Golang is an increasingly popular programming language. Compared with other languages, it has faster compilation speed, efficient concurrent processing capabilities and less memory usage. In network programming, the standard library of the Go language provides built-in functions for handling HTTP requests, making handling network requests extremely simple.

This article will introduce the basics of Golang handling HTTP requests and demonstrate how to use Golang to write a simple HTTP server to handle HTTP requests.

2. Basic knowledge

In Golang, the related methods for processing HTTP requests are stored in the http package. In order to start an HTTP server, we can use the http.ListenAndServe() function.

This function accepts two parameters:

func ListenAndServe(addr string, handler Handler) error

The first parameter addr is the address monitored by the server. This address should be a string type, such as ":8080". If address is set to an empty string, the server will listen on all available network interfaces.

The second parameter handler is an object that implements the http.Handler interface. This object will be used to handle HTTP requests. The simplest way to implement this interface is to create a structure containing the ServeHTTP method.

The ServeHTTP() method accepts two parameters: a ResponseWriter object, used to write HTTP responses, and a pointer to a Request object, used to process HTTP requests.

type Handler interface {
    ServeHTTP(ResponseWriter, *Request)
}

For the most basic requirement of using the http package to handle HTTP requests, this interface must be implemented. In the following example, we will demonstrate how to write a simplest HTTP server.

3. Example

The following is a sample code for a simple HTTP server:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "log"
    "net/http"
)

func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        fmt.Fprint(w, "Hello, World!")
    })

    log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil))
}

In this program, we call the http.HandleFunc() method to convert a function Register into a handler for HTTP requests to a specific path. The two parameters of this function represent the HTTP response object and request object. In this function, we use the fmt.Fprint() method to write the HTTP response to the ResponseWriter object.

Finally, we use the http.ListenAndServe() method to start an HTTP server. This function will run until a SIGTERM or SIGINT signal is received, or an error occurs while executing ListenAndServe().

This simple HTTP server can be run using the following command:

go run main.go

Next, we can enter the address "http://localhost:8080" in the browser to test our HTTP server.

One of the biggest advantages of using Golang for HTTP services is its excellent concurrency processing capabilities. In the above example, we used goroutines to handle requests. When a request comes, the goroutine calls the function we registered in the http.HandleFunc() method to handle the request without waiting for the previous request to complete. This allows our HTTP server to handle large numbers of concurrent requests.

4. Conclusion

By reading this article, you should already know how to handle HTTP requests in Golang, and how to use the built-in http package to write a simple HTTP server.

Currently, Golang is becoming more and more popular among programmers as a fast, efficient, easy to write and easy to maintain language. In the future, it will definitely become an ideal choice for the development of network programming and some other high-load applications.

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