在MySQL中,我们可以将一个值或一个查询结果保存的一个用户自定义的变量中,然后在后面的语句在应用。
SET定义变量;
SET @var_name := expr [, @var_name = expr ] ....SET @var_name = expr [, @var_name = expr ] ....
注意:①这里用 ":=" or "="都行,但是"="在其他statement语句中有相等的意思,容易混淆,有时也会出错。强烈建议用 ":="。②在语句里,可以直接用@var_name = expr定义用,不提倡这样,相当于不声明直接用。
下面给出一些例子:
简单的定义,显示
mysql> <code><strong>SET @t1=1, @t2=2, @t3</strong>:=<strong>4;</strong></code>mysql> <code>SELECT @t1, @t2, @t3, @t4 := @t1+@t2+@t3;</code>+------+------+------+--------------------+| @t1 | @t2 | @t3 | @t4 := @t1+@t2+@t3 |+------+------+------+--------------------+| 1 | 2 | 4 | 7 | +------+------+------+--------------------+
Someone use them for rank
SET @pos <strong>:= </strong>0; #这里用等号,感觉像是逻辑判断,结果也不对了<br>SELECT @pos:=@pos+1 as rank,name FROM players ORDER BY score DESC;
<strong></strong>
print only the 100th users
<strong>SET</strong> @counter:=0;<strong>SELECT</strong> users.*<strong>FROM</strong> users<strong>HAVING</strong> (@counter:=@counter+1)%100=0<strong>ORDER BY</strong> user_id; |
保存查询结果值value:
SELECT @total := COUNT(*) FROM table_name; # simicolon 分割连个语句SELECT table_name.id COUNT(*) AS 'count', COUNT(*) / <strong>(SELECT @total)</strong> AS percent FROM table_name,WHERE 1=1GROUP BY YEAR(birthday)ORDER BY YEAR(birthday)
注意上面这个SQL语句看起来逻辑清晰,但与下面的语句执行效果和时间都一样(可能MySQL内部优化了)
SELECT table_name.id COUNT(*) AS 'count', COUNT(*) / <strong>(SELECT </strong>
COUNT(*)
FROM
table_name) AS percent
FROM table_name,WHERE 1=1GROUP BY YEAR(birthday)ORDER BY YEAR(birthday)
其他一些例子:
http://www.mysqldiary.com/user-defined-variables/
疑问:
这里的变量只能保存一个结果值,如何才能临时保存一个select出的结果集呢。
当然简单的方法是创建表/视图; 或者临时表 ,还有好的方法呢? 待研究。
DECLARE声明变量,然后在赋值
DECLARE @var_name var_type
这里举个例子:
<strong>例1:</strong>
DECLARE @total INT DECLARE @total_distinct INTSELECT @total:=COUNT(lice_no) #using ":=" notationFROM table_name; SELECT @total_distinct:=COUNT( DISTINCT lice_no) #using ":=" noationsFROM table_name; SELECT @total - @total_distinct
<strong>例2:</strong>
DECLARE @register_count INT;DECLARE @total_count INT;SELECT @register_count := COUNT(1) FROM t1 WHERE id > 10 ;
SELECT @total_count := COUNT(1) FROM t1 ; SELECT (@register_count * @total_count) AS ratio2
DECLARE 与 SET 区别:
<ol> <li>DECLARE 必须指定类型,而SET是不用的</li> <li>SET定义的是用户自定义变量,是Session Sensitive 的; DECLARE 声明的变量一般为局部变量,其有效区间是声明的函数或存储过程中。</li> <li>定义全局变量应该为 SET GLOBAL @var_name 后者SET @@GLOBAL.var_name</li> </ol>
注意及附录:
这里关于变量的使用范围要清楚。官方介绍网址: http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.0/en/user-variables.html
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