In golang development, if the output encoding is not set, the problem of Chinese garbled characters may occur. Below, I will introduce how to solve the problem of golang outputting Chinese garbled characters from two aspects: the output encoding principle and setting the output encoding.
1. Output encoding principle
In golang, all strings are stored in UTF-8 encoding, including Chinese characters. UTF-8 is a variable-length Unicode encoding that can represent any character in the Unicode standard. Therefore, the Chinese characters we use in golang programs are actually stored in memory in the form of UTF-8 encoding.
When we need to output a program written in golang to a terminal, file, web page or other output device, we need to convert the UTF-8 encoding to the target encoding. Typically, a terminal or file output device will use the local encoding by default to output text. For example, the Windows operating system uses GBK encoding by default, and the Linux operating system uses UTF-8 encoding by default.
If the UTF-8 encoding of the golang program is not correctly converted during output, Chinese garbled characters may appear. This is because the target encoding cannot correctly recognize Chinese characters in UTF-8 encoding, causing the output text to not be displayed correctly.
Therefore, in order to solve the problem of golang outputting Chinese garbled characters, we need to set the output encoding to allow the target encoding to correctly recognize UTF-8 encoded Chinese characters.
2. Set the output encoding
In golang, the method of setting the output encoding varies depending on the output device. Below, we introduce how to set the output encoding of terminals, files and web pages respectively.
- Set terminal output encoding
In golang, use the Println method of the fmt package to output a string to the terminal. If you need to set the output encoding of the terminal, we can use the Fprintln method of the os.Stdout attribute and set the formatting parameters.
For example, under Windows system, set the terminal output encoding to GBK code as follows:
package main
import (
"fmt"
"os"
)
func main() {
stdout := os.Stdout
fmt.Println("Hello 世界！")
}Then, use the Println method of the fmt package to output the UTF-8 encoded Chinese string "Hello World !".
Run the above code, the terminal output result should be:
123 Hello 世界！
- Set file output encoding
In golang, use the Create method of the os package Create a file and use the NewWriter method of the bufio package to create a buffered file writer to set the encoding of the output file.
For example, under Windows system, the code to set the output file encoding to GBK is as follows:
package main
import (
"bufio"
"os"
)
func main() {
file, err := os.Create("output.txt")
if err != nil {
panic(err)
}
defer file.Close()
writer := bufio.NewWriter(file)
writer.WriteString("Hello 世界！")
writer.Flush()
}In the above code, we first create the output file output.txt using the Create method of the os package , and use the defer statement to delay closing the file handle.
Run the above code and check the content of the output.txt file. It should be:
123 Hello 世界！
- Set the web page output encoding
In golang, use net The writer interface of the /http package implements the Write method of class ResponseWriter to output the HTTP response.
If you need to set the output encoding of the web page, we need to set the Content-Type attribute of the HTTP response header first, and then use the Write method to output UTF-8 encoded text.
For example, under Windows system, the code to set the web page output encoding to GBK is as follows:
package main
import (
"io"
"net/http"
)
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=gbk")
io.WriteString(w, "<html><head><meta charset='gbk'></head><body>Hello 世界！</body></html>")
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}In the above code, we first use the HandleFunc method of the net/http package to register the HTTP request processing function . When accessing the root path, set the Content-Type attribute of the HTTP response header to "text/html; charset=gbk", and then use the WriteString method of the io package to output the HTML text "
Hello world!", note that there is a tag to specify the character set of the web page .Finally, we use the ListenAndServe method of the http package to start the HTTP server and listen to the local 8080 port.
Run the above code and visit http://localhost:8080, you should be able to see the Hello world! The text is displayed on the web page, and the character set of the web page is set to GBK. If the charset parameter is changed to UTF-8, Chinese garbled characters will appear.
Summary
In order to avoid the problem of the golang program outputting Chinese garbled characters, we need to correctly set the output encoding when outputting. For different output devices, we need to use different setting methods. To output in the terminal, we need to use the Fprintln method of os.Stdout and set the formatting parameters; to output in a file, we need to use the WriteString method of the buffered file writer of the bufio package; to output in a web page, we need Set the Content-Type attribute of the HTTP response header and use the response writer's Write method to output the HTML text.
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