How to set up golang directory

Golang is a popular programming language that is easy to learn and use and has powerful performance and concurrency features. When writing applications using Golang, it is very important to organize and manage the code effectively.

Directory structure is one of the basic ways to organize code files and directories. It can help you understand your code better, quickly navigate files and directories, improve code readability, and more.

In this article, we will learn how to set up a directory structure in Golang to optimize code organization and management.

Basic Golang project structure

Before we start, we need to understand some basic Golang project structure components. Golang projects usually have the following basic structure:

project/
├── main.go
├── go.mod
└── go.sum

Here main.go is the main file, which stores the program entry and important logic code. go.mod and go.sum are files that manage project dependencies.

However, as the complexity of the project continues to increase, we may need a more complex directory structure to organize our code files and directories.

Let’s take a look at a more common Golang project directory structure.

Golang project directory structure example

The following is the general directory structure of a sample Golang project:

project/
├── cmd/
│   └── myapp/
│       └── main.go
├── internal/
│   ├── app/
│   │   ├── model/
│   │   ├── controller/
│   │   ├── view/
│   │   └── application.go
│   ├── pkg/
│   ├── config/
│   └── util/
├── db/
│   └── db.go
├── web/
│   ├── middleware/
│   ├── static/
│   ├── templates/
│   └── server.go
├── go.mod
└── go.sum

Let us understand each directory one by one:

• cmd: Stores the entrances of some applications.

  • myapp: Entry to the application "myapp".

    • main.go: The main entry point for the application "myapp".

• internal: Contains code used internally by the project.

  • #app: Stores the logic code of the application.

    • model: Stores model code.
    • controller: Stores the controller code.
    • view: Stores the view code.
    • application.go: Application startup logic.
  • pkg: Public library code.
  • config: Stores code related to application configuration.
  • util: Common utility functions are stored here.
• db: Stores database-related codes.

• web: Stores Web-related code.

  • middleware: Stores middleware code.
  • static: Store static files.
  • templates: Store template files.
  • server.go: Entrance to the Web server.
• go.mod: The project’s dependency management file.
• go.sum: The version file that the project depends on.

As shown above, this directory structure is much more complex than the basic structure. It has more directories, contains more files, but is more organized and easier to manage.

Why is such a structure needed?

This directory structure has more advantages when facing complex projects. It can help us better organize and manage code, making it easy to maintain, refactor and extend.

The following are the advantages of using this directory structure:

• Better code organization: Separate application code, general code, configuration code and library code to make it clearer.
• Easier to manage: A better directory structure means easier management.
• Better readability: Logical code and business functions are grouped together, making the code easier to read and maintain.
• Better scalability: A better organizational structure provides a better foundation for future refactoring and expansion.

If you are developing a large, complex Golang application, using this directory structure is necessary.

How to create such a structure?

Creating such a directory structure is not difficult, you can follow the steps below:

1. Create the following directory in the project root directory: cmd,internal,db,web.

mkdir cmd internal db web

2. Create a subdirectory under the cmd directory to store your application entry.

mkdir cmd/myapp

3. Create subdirectories under the internal directory to store common application code.

mkdir -p internal/app/{model,controller,view}

4. Create other subdirectories under the internal directory to store libraries, configurations, and general tool code.

mkdir internal/{pkg,config,util}

5. Create files in the db directory to handle database logic.

touch db/db.go

6. Create a subdirectory under the web directory to store Web-related code.

mkdir -p web/{static,templates,middleware}

7. Create a file in the web directory to store the code for starting the Web server.

touch web/server.go

After changing the directory structure, you can organize commonly used commands into Makefiles or command line tools. Use these tools to better manage and test your applications.

Summary

In Golang projects, the directory structure is very important, it can help you better organize and manage your code. When working with large, complex Golang applications, using a more organized directory structure is necessary. By using these directories, you can improve the readability, maintainability, and scalability of your code. Of course, it is not difficult to create such a directory in Golang. You only need to understand the basic Golang project structure and organize the code according to some conventions and best practices.

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