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javascript converts string to

May 09, 2023 pm 01:59 PM

JavaScript将字符串转为数字的几种方法

在JavaScript开发中,经常需要将字符串转为数字。这可能是因为我们需要进行计算或者比较操作。本文将介绍几种方法来将字符串转为数字。

方法一:使用parseInt()函数

parseInt()函数是JavaScript中的内置函数,可以将字符串转为整数,但是需要注意以下几点:

  1. 此函数忽略字符串中的前导空格,并解析第一个非空格字符开始的数字;
  2. 如果第一个非空格字符不是数字或正负号,则返回NaN;
  3. 这个函数也可以接受第二个参数来指定基数(即进制),比如parseInt("1101", 2)将返回13(因为二进制的1101转换为十进制为13)。

比如:

var num1 = parseInt("123");
var num2 = parseInt("123.456");
var num3 = parseInt("   123  ");
var num4 = parseInt("$123");

console.log(num1); // 123
console.log(num2); // 123
console.log(num3); // 123
console.log(num4); // NaN

以上代码展示了parseInt()函数的用法。第一个例子将字符串"123"转为整数123,第二个例子将字符串"123.456"去掉小数点后转为整数123,第三个例子将字符串" 123 "转为整数123(前导和后缀空格均被忽略),第四个例子在"$123"中无法解析出数字,返回NaN。

方法二:使用parseFloat()函数

与parseInt()函数类似,parseFloat()函数也是JavaScript中的内置函数,可以将字符串转为浮点数,但是需要注意以下几点:

  1. 与parseInt()函数不同,parseFloat()函数会解析小数点和指数;
  2. 如果该字符串无法解析成数字,则返回NaN;
  3. 值得注意的是,如果小数点后没有数字,则将字符串解析为整数而非浮点数。

比如:

var num1 = parseFloat("123");
var num2 = parseFloat("123.456");
var num3 = parseFloat(" 123.456 ");
var num4 = parseFloat("12.3e-2");
var num5 = parseFloat("12.3E+2");
var num6 = parseFloat("123.");
var num7 = parseFloat(".123");

console.log(num1); // 123
console.log(num2); // 123.456
console.log(num3); // 123.456
console.log(num4); // 0.123
console.log(num5); // 1230
console.log(num6); // 123
console.log(num7); // 0.123

以上代码展示了parseFloat()函数的用法。第一个例子将字符串"123"转为浮点数123,第二个例子将字符串"123.456"转为浮点数123.456,第三个例子将前导和后缀空格去掉后,转为浮点数123.456,第四个例子将科学计数法"12.3e-2"转为0.123,第五个例子将科学计数法"12.3E+2"转为1230,第六个例子将"123."解析为整数123,第七个例子将".123"解析为浮点数0.123。

方法三:使用+号运算符

除了parseInt()和parseFloat()函数外,我们可以使用+号运算符来将字符串转为数字。

比如:

var num1 = +"123";
var num2 = +"123.456";
var num3 = +"   123  ";
var num4 = +"$123";

console.log(num1); // 123
console.log(num2); // 123.456
console.log(num3); // 123
console.log(num4); // NaN

以上代码展示了使用+号运算符将字符串转为数字的方法。第一个例子将字符串"123"转为整数123,第二个例子将字符串"123.456"转为浮点数123.456,第三个例子将前导和后缀空格去掉后,转为整数123,第四个例子无法解析出数字,返回NaN。

方法四:使用Number()函数

JavaScript中提供了一个内置函数Number(),可以将任何数据类型转为数字,包括字符串。该函数与+号运算符的效果类似。

比如:

var num1 = Number("123");
var num2 = Number("123.456");
var num3 = Number("   123  ");
var num4 = Number("$123");

console.log(num1); // 123
console.log(num2); // 123.456
console.log(num3); // 123
console.log(num4); // NaN

以上代码展示了Number()函数的用法。输出结果与+号运算符的用法相同。

总结

本文介绍了JavaScript中将字符串转为数字的四种方法,分别是使用parseInt()函数、parseFloat()函数、+号运算符和Number()函数。需要注意的是,在进行字符串转数字的时候,一定要注意字符串的格式,否则可能会导致意想不到的结果。

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