How many versions of javascript are there?

JavaScript is a widely used programming language used to develop web pages and applications. Since the first version in 1995, JavaScript has gone through many versions of updates and improvements.

Currently, the standardized version of JavaScript is ECMAScript, which is developed and maintained by the European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA). The first version of the ECMAScript standard was released in 1997, and 11 versions have been released to date. The following is an introduction to each version:

1. ECMAScript 1 (1997) - the first edition, including basic syntax and components, such as loops, conditional statements, functions, etc.;
2. ECMAScript 2 (1998) - Mainly fixes some problems and incompatibilities in ECMAScript 1;
3. ECMAScript 3 (1999) - Introduces new language features, such as regular expressions, exception handling, Better array operations, etc.;
4. ECMAScript 4 (failed to pass standardization, only a draft was released) - In this version, the object-oriented features of the language have been greatly enhanced, and it also includes new data structures and More details on the language;
5. ECMAScript 5 (2009) - introduced new features such as strict mode, Object.create and Object.freeze;
6. ECMAScript 5.1 (2011) - mostly Corrections and bug fixes to ECMAScript 5;
7. ECMAScript 6 (2015) - Introduces new features such as arrow functions, let and const variables, template strings, Promise, etc.;
8. ECMAScript 7 ( 2016) - Introduced Array.prototype.includes(), evaluation functions can be used in abbreviated object literals and other new features;
9. ECMAScript 8 (2017) - Introduced Async Functions, Object.values( ), Object.entries(), Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors() and other new features;
10. ECMAScript 9 (2018) - Introduced new features such as Async iteration and Rest/Spread properties;
11. ECMAScript 10 (2019) - New features such as Array.flat(), Array.flatMap(), String.prototype.trimStart(), and String.prototype.trimEnd() were introduced.

It can be seen that the version update speed of JavaScript (ECMAScript) is very fast, and a new standard version is released every year. This also provides developers with more language features and tools to facilitate their web development, application development and other work.

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