oracle database linux installation

If you need to install an Oracle database on a Linux system, this article provides some basic guidance. The following steps are based on the Linux x86-64 (64-bit) version of Oracle Database 19c. Please follow the guidelines below.

Step 1: Check System Requirements

Before starting the installation, you need to meet the following system requirements for Oracle Database 19c:

• Operating system: Oracle Linux 7.1, Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) 7.1, SUSE Linux Enterprise Server (SLES) 12.2, Kernel 3.10.0-229El7.x86_64 or higher.
• Processor architecture: x86-64 (64-bit) or Linux ARM AArch64 (ARMv8/64-bit)

For example, on Oracle Linux 7.6 (64-bit), you can use The following command checks the version of the operating system and kernel:

$ uname -r
3.10.0-957.el7.x86_64

$ cat /etc/oracle-release
Oracle Linux Server release 7.6

Step 2: Download the Oracle Database software

You can download the Oracle Database software from the Oracle official website. You can first create an Oracle account, then select the required version and download it from the link below:

https://www.oracle.com/database/technologies/oracle19c-linux-downloads.html

In this example, we will use the full version of "Oracle Database 19c (19.3) for Linux x86-64".

Step 3: Create the Oracle Inventory directory

Before installing the Oracle software, you need to create an Oracle Inventory directory. This directory is used to store metadata and log files about the Oracle software installation. You can create this directory and the corresponding groups and permissions using the following command:

$ sudo mkdir -p /u01/app/oraInventory 
$ sudo chown oracle:oinstall /u01/app/oraInventory 
$ sudo chmod 770 /u01/app/oraInventory 

Step 4: Add users and groups

In order to successfully install the Oracle database, we need to create a user named oracle , add it to the oinstall group and provide it with the necessary permissions. To create a user, use the following command:

$ sudo useradd -m oracle 

After creating the user, we also need to set a password for it:

$ sudo passwd oracle 

Then we need to add the user to the oinstall group:

$ sudo usermod -aG oinstall oracle 

And set umask to 022:

$ echo "umask 022" >> /home/oracle/.bashrc 

Step 5: Edit /etc/security/limits.conf

We need to edit the system file /etc/security/limits.conf , to set the software restrictions for the new user oracle. Please add the following lines to the end of the file:

oracle soft nofile 1024 
oracle hard nofile 65536 
oracle soft nproc 2047 
oracle hard nproc 16384 
oracle soft stack 10240 
oracle hard stack 32768 

Step 6: Edit /etc/sysctl.conf

We also need to edit the system file /etc/sysctl.conf to improve the performance of Oracle Database performance. Please add the following lines at the end of the file:

fs.file-max = 6815744 
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128 
kernel.shmmni = 4096 
kernel.shmall = 1073741824 
kernel.shmmax = 4398046511104 
net.core.rmem_default = 262144 
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304 
net.core.wmem_default = 262144 
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576 

Apply the changes to the linux system:

$ sudo sysctl -p 

Step 7: Install the necessary packages

Before installing Oracle Database, you Some dependent packages need to be installed. You can install the required packages using the following command:

$ sudo yum install -y binutils \ 
compat-libcap1 \ 
compat-libstdc++-33 \ 
gcc \ 
gcc-c++ \ 
glibc \ 
glibc-devel \ 
ksh \ 
libaio \ 
libaio-devel \ 
libgcc \ 
libstdc++ \ 
libstdc++-devel \ 
libXi \ 
libXtst \ 
make \ 
net-tools \ 
nfs-utils \ 
smartmontools \ 
sysstat \ 
unixODBC \ 
unixODBC-devel 

Step 8: Unzip the Oracle Database package

Unzip the Oracle Database package into the /tmp directory and change its permissions ：

$ su - oracle 
$ unzip /tmp/LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip -d /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1 
$ chmod -R 775 /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1 

Step 9: Prepare for installation

Before installing the Oracle database, you need to disable the X-Window system and set the following variables:

$ export DISPLAY=:0.0 
$ xhost + 

Step 10 :Run Oracle Database Installer

To run Oracle Database Installer, execute the following command:

$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1 
$ ./runInstaller 

• Select Product Language.
• On the System Category screen, select Server Category.
• Select "Create and configure database" on the "Installation Options" screen.
• Accept the default Oracle home directory and software location.
• On the GRID Options screen, do not select any GRID options.
• On the Database Type screen, select Custom.
• On the Database Identification screen, enter your database name and SID.
• On the Administration Options screen, set the administrator password and directory (if required).
• On the Storage Options screen, select the default data and temporary tablespace paths and specify the size of your database.
• Select the default character set.
• On the Summary screen, review the installation options and click the Install button to start the installation.

Please note that the installation process may take a long time, depending on your machine performance and database size.

Step 11: Execute the script

After the installation is complete, you need to execute the following two scripts as the root user:

$ sudo /u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh 
$ sudo /u01/app/oracle/product/19.3.0/dbhome_1/root.sh 

Step 12: Start the database

Once the script has finished running, you can start the Oracle database using the following command:

$ sqlplus / as sysdba 

SQL> startup 

Now, you have successfully installed and started the Oracle database! If you encounter any problems, please refer to the Oracle documentation for further assistance.

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