golang Chinese transcoding

Golang is one of the programming languages ​​that has become increasingly popular in recent years. It has the advantages of efficiency, security, and simplicity, and has become the choice of many engineers. However, in terms of processing Chinese characters, Golang's experience is actually slightly insufficient compared to some other programming languages. Therefore, Chinese transcoding in Golang is also an area that requires our attention.

1. Golang string type

Before talking about Golang Chinese transcoding, let’s first talk about the basic string types in Golang. The string type in Golang is an ordered, immutable sequence of bytes, using UTF-8 encoding underneath. In Golang, strings are defined by double quotes " ", in which the backslash "\" can be used as an escape character. If it is changed to "\"r", it means carriage return, and if it is changed to "\"n", Indicates line break.

Let’s look at a simple example:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    s := "hello world"
    fmt.Println(s[1:4])     // 输出ell
    fmt.Println(len(s))     // 输出11
    fmt.Println(s + " zen") // 输出hello world zen
}

In the above example we declare a string named s, and then use fmt The Println function of the package outputs the substring with subscripts 1-3 in s, the string length and s are added to "zen" the result of. It should be noted that Golang strings are immutable, and any of its characters do not support direct modification. Modifications can only be made by converting the string to a byte array and then modifying an element in the array, or by creating a new string. Perform operations such as splicing.

2. Chinese encoding issues

Before talking about Golang Chinese transcoding, we also need to understand the Chinese encoding issues. Chinese encoding issues are mainly divided into ANSI encoding and UNICODE encoding, and we usually use UNICODE encoding. In the UNICODE encoding system, the encoding of Chinese characters starts from 0x4E00, which is represented by its number in UNICODE. However, in different programming languages, the encoding representation of Chinese characters may be slightly different, so we must pay special attention.

3. Chinese character operations in Golang

When dealing with Chinese characters, the first problem we have to solve is the processing of Chinese characters in strings. In Golang, Chinese characters fall within the category of UTF-8 encoded characters, so we can process Chinese characters by operating on UTF-8 encoded strings. Here are a few examples:

1.UTF-8 encoded Chinese string output:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    s := "你好，世界！" //打印中文的字符串
    fmt.Println(s)
}

In the above example, we declared a file named s The string contains some Chinese characters, and in the Println function of fmt, these Chinese characters are output normally.

2.UTF-8 encoded string length:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    s := "你好，世界！"
    fmt.Println(utf8.RuneCountInString(s)) // 输出11
}

In the above example, we used the utf8.RuneCountInString function to get the string s The length of the string in , where each Chinese character is treated as one character.

3.UTF-8 encoded string slicing:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "unicode/utf8"
)

func main() {
    s := "你好，世界！"
    runeS := []rune(s)                   // 将字符串转为rune序列
    fmt.Println(string(runeS[0:3]))      // 输出 "你好"
    fmt.Println(utf8.RuneCountInString(s)) // 输出13
}

In the above example, we first use []rune to slice the string sConvert to a sequence of runes, then select a subsequence, and then convert it to a string for output.

4. Golang Chinese transcoding

In Golang, one of the most common requirements for Chinese transcoding may be to convert Chinese characters in a string into pinyin. We can use the github.com/mozillazg/go-pinyin package to handle this requirement. Here is an example:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "github.com/mozillazg/go-pinyin/pinyin"
)

func main() {
    str := "中国"
    py := pinyin.NewArgs()
    fmt.Println(pinyin.Pinyin(str, py))                  // 输出 [[zhong] [guo]]
    fmt.Println(pinyin.Convert(str, py))                 // 输出 zhong-guo
    fmt.Println(pinyin.LazyPinyin(str, py))              // 输出 [zhong guo]
    fmt.Println(pinyin.Pinyin(strings.ToUpper(str), py)) // 输出 [[ZHONG] [GUO]]
}

In the above example, we used the github.com/mozillazg/go-pinyin/pinyin package to convert Chinese strings to Pinyin. The Pinyin function will convert Chinese characters into a two-dimensional array of pinyin, and its return result is a slice composed of multiple string arrays; the Convert function will convert all Chinese characters Convert to Pinyin and return Pinyin in string form; LazyPinyin function can also convert Chinese characters into Pinyin, but the returned result is a string array; strings.ToUpper function is used Convert the original string to uppercase.

5. Summary

The processing of Chinese characters in Golang requires special caution. This is also an area that needs attention during the development process of Golang. We can complete operations such as conversion and output of Chinese strings through the basic string types in Golang and some specific processing packages. In engineering practice, we also need to choose appropriate solutions based on specific needs.

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