主机环境说明。
master1: 10.8.1.11
master2: 10.8.1.12
版本信息:
[root@m1 ~]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.6.27, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
1、主库开启bin-log功能,配置server-id
修改my.cf配置文件,开启bin-log功能,配置server-id。
[root@m1 ~]# more /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] server-id = 1 datadir = /var/lib/mysql log_bin = /var/lib/mysql/bin-log socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock slave_net_timeout = 60 log-slave-updates slave-skip-errors=all skip-name-resolve sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #salve-net-timeout默认是3600秒,缩短时间是为了防止双YES的假象 #(事实上我已遇到,参考地址:http://www.cnblogs.com/billyxp/p/3470376.html) 如果要指定同步或不同步哪些库,可使用如下参数 #binlog-do-db=osyunweidb #需要同步的数据库名,如果有多个数据库,可重复此参数,每个数据库一行 #binlog-ignore-db=mysql #不同步mysql系统数据库
至于这些参数的说明具体看手册。
红色的部分非常重要,如果一个MASTER 挂掉的话,另外一个马上接管。
紫红色的部分指的是服务器频繁的刷新日志。这个保证了在其中一台挂掉的话,日志刷新到另外一台。从而保证了数据的同步
2、确认bin-log与server-id是否开启:
查看命令 show variables like 'log_bin'; show variables like 'server_id';
mysql> show variables like 'log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ |Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ |log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1 rowin set (0.00 sec) mysql>show variables like 'server_id'; +---------------+-------+ |Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ |server_id | 1 | +---------------+-------+ 1 rowin set (0.00 sec)
3、创建复制授权用户
mysql> grant replication slave on *.* to replication@'%'identified by '123456'; #授权该用户对所有表都能进行复制
mysql>flush privileges; #刷新权限
4、锁表,记录log-bin文件名和位置
mysql>flush tables with read lock; #锁定所有表,此时数据库不能写入数据 QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec) mysql>show master status; #查看最新bin-log文件及位置 +------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+ |File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+ |mysql-bin.000001 | 26314 | | | +------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+ 1row in set (0.00 sec)
5、锁表状态全备mysql数据
由于退出当前mysql登陆窗口,锁表功能就失效,需克隆一个会话进行全备。
#mysqldump-uroot -p -A -B > /tmp/mysql_bak_2015_11_17.sql
看下备份数据大小,确认备份成功。
[root@m1 ~]# ls -l mysql_bak_2015_11_17.sql
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 645327 Nov 18 06:27 mysql_bak_2015_11_17.sql
[root@m1 ~]#
6、解除锁表
mysql>unlock tables;
或直接quit退出即可。
7、从库开启bin-log功能,配置server-id
从库开启bin-log功能后,待会在主上在配置同步,互为主从就完成了。
[root@m2 ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf # For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] server-id = 2 datadir = /var/lib/mysql log_bin = /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin socket = /var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock slave_net_timeout = 60 log-slave-updates slave-skip-errors=all skip-name-resolve sync_binlog=1 auto_increment_increment=2 auto_increment_offset=2 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES #salve-net-timeout默认是3600秒,缩短时间是为了防止双YES的假象
#
至于这些参数的说明具体看手册。
红色的部分非常重要,如果一个MASTER 挂掉的话,另外一个马上接管。
紫红色的部分指的是服务器频繁的刷新日志。这个保证了在其中一台挂掉的话,日志刷新到另外一台。从而保证了数据的同步
#/etc/init.d/mysql restart
8、确认从库bin-log与server-id是否开启
查看命令 show variables like 'log_bin'; show variables like 'server_id';
mysql>show variables like 'log_bin'; +---------------+-------+ |Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ |log_bin | ON | +---------------+-------+ 1row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>show variables like 'server_id'; +---------------+-------+ |Variable_name | Value | +---------------+-------+ |server_id | 2 | +---------------+-------+ 1row in set (0.00 sec)
9、从库导入主库的全备数据
登陆mysql导入数据
mysql>source /root/mysql_bak_2015_11_17.sql
10、记录从库bin-log信息
因为在从库导入全备数据时,此时主库与从库的内容是一致的,但是bin-log位置不一定一致。
mysql>show master status; #查看最新bin-log文件及位置 +------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+ |File |Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB | +------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+ |mysql-bin.000003 | 2328055 | | | +------------------------+------------+-------------------+-------------------------+ 1row in set (0.00 sec)
11、从库设置同步主库
此处binlog文件与位置状态,是主库在步骤4锁表时show master status查看的位置状态。
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.8.1.11', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='replication', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000001', MASTER_LOG_POS=26314;
12、开启从库同步并确认同步是否成功
使用start slave开启同步功能,使用show slave status\G查看同步是否成功
mysql>start slave; QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>show slave status\G #\G不按表格输出 ***************************1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting formaster to send event Master_Host: 10.0.0.2 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 8306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 136270 Relay_Log_File:mysqld-relay-bin.000002 Relay_Log_Pos: 72697 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 Slave_IO_Running:Yes Slave_SQL_Running:Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 98758 Relay_Log_Space: 110366 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 622 #查看主从同步延迟,延迟大则可能需要优化 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 1 1row in set (0.00 sec)
#sql线程与IO线程都是YES,slave配置成功。
13、主库设置同步从库
由于从库是全备导入,原先在主库上配置的复制帐户也同样导入,所以这里不用在从库上新授权复制用户。
从库上的binlog文件与位置状态,是从库在刚导入时show master status查看到的位置状态。
CHANGEMASTER TO MASTER_HOST='10.8.1.12', MASTER_PORT=3306, MASTER_USER='replication', MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=2328055; #修改相应信息,直接把这些配置在mysql中粘贴即可。
14、开启同步并确认同步是否成功
使用start slave开启同步功能,使用show slave status\G查看同步是否成功
mysql>start slave; QueryOK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql>show slave status\G ***************************1. row *************************** Slave_IO_State: Waiting formaster to send event Master_Host: 172.16.0.2 Master_User: replication Master_Port: 3306 Connect_Retry: 60 Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007 Read_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_File:mysqld-relay-bin.000006 Relay_Log_Pos: 253 Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000007 Slave_IO_Running: Yes Slave_SQL_Running:Yes Replicate_Do_DB: Replicate_Ignore_DB: Replicate_Do_Table: Replicate_Ignore_Table: Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table: Last_Errno: 0 Last_Error: Skip_Counter: 0 Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 107 Relay_Log_Space: 556 Until_Condition: None Until_Log_File: Until_Log_Pos: 0 Master_SSL_Allowed: No Master_SSL_CA_File: Master_SSL_CA_Path: Master_SSL_Cert: Master_SSL_Cipher: Master_SSL_Key: Seconds_Behind_Master: 0 Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert:No Last_IO_Errno: 0 Last_IO_Error: Last_SQL_Errno: 0 Last_SQL_Error: Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids: Master_Server_Id: 2 1row in set (0.00 sec)
#IO线程与sql线程都是正常。
15、互为主从测试
在两台mysql各创建一个库,看两边是否都能进行同步。
分别在主库上执行 create database test01;
从库上执行create database test02;
看两台数据库上执行show databases;,看是否都有test01表和test02表。
我的经过测试,双主测试成功。

In database optimization, indexing strategies should be selected according to query requirements: 1. When the query involves multiple columns and the order of conditions is fixed, use composite indexes; 2. When the query involves multiple columns but the order of conditions is not fixed, use multiple single-column indexes. Composite indexes are suitable for optimizing multi-column queries, while single-column indexes are suitable for single-column queries.

To optimize MySQL slow query, slowquerylog and performance_schema need to be used: 1. Enable slowquerylog and set thresholds to record slow query; 2. Use performance_schema to analyze query execution details, find out performance bottlenecks and optimize.

MySQL and SQL are essential skills for developers. 1.MySQL is an open source relational database management system, and SQL is the standard language used to manage and operate databases. 2.MySQL supports multiple storage engines through efficient data storage and retrieval functions, and SQL completes complex data operations through simple statements. 3. Examples of usage include basic queries and advanced queries, such as filtering and sorting by condition. 4. Common errors include syntax errors and performance issues, which can be optimized by checking SQL statements and using EXPLAIN commands. 5. Performance optimization techniques include using indexes, avoiding full table scanning, optimizing JOIN operations and improving code readability.

MySQL asynchronous master-slave replication enables data synchronization through binlog, improving read performance and high availability. 1) The master server record changes to binlog; 2) The slave server reads binlog through I/O threads; 3) The server SQL thread applies binlog to synchronize data.

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. 1) Create database and tables: Use the CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE commands. 2) Basic operations: INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE and SELECT. 3) Advanced operations: JOIN, subquery and transaction processing. 4) Debugging skills: Check syntax, data type and permissions. 5) Optimization suggestions: Use indexes, avoid SELECT* and use transactions.

The installation and basic operations of MySQL include: 1. Download and install MySQL, set the root user password; 2. Use SQL commands to create databases and tables, such as CREATEDATABASE and CREATETABLE; 3. Execute CRUD operations, use INSERT, SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE commands; 4. Create indexes and stored procedures to optimize performance and implement complex logic. With these steps, you can build and manage MySQL databases from scratch.

InnoDBBufferPool improves the performance of MySQL databases by loading data and index pages into memory. 1) The data page is loaded into the BufferPool to reduce disk I/O. 2) Dirty pages are marked and refreshed to disk regularly. 3) LRU algorithm management data page elimination. 4) The read-out mechanism loads the possible data pages in advance.

MySQL is suitable for beginners because it is simple to install, powerful and easy to manage data. 1. Simple installation and configuration, suitable for a variety of operating systems. 2. Support basic operations such as creating databases and tables, inserting, querying, updating and deleting data. 3. Provide advanced functions such as JOIN operations and subqueries. 4. Performance can be improved through indexing, query optimization and table partitioning. 5. Support backup, recovery and security measures to ensure data security and consistency.


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

ZendStudio 13.5.1 Mac
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

Safe Exam Browser
Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

SublimeText3 Linux new version
SublimeText3 Linux latest version

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use