表锁:
表锁是mysql 中最几本的锁策略,并且是开销最小的策略:它会锁定整张表。
一个用户在对表进行锁操作(增,删,改)前,首先要获得写锁,这会阻塞其他用户对该表的所有读写操作。只有没有写锁时,其他用户才能获得读锁,读锁之间是不相互阻塞的。
在特定的场景中,表锁也可能有良好的性能。例如:READ LOCAL 表锁支持某些类型的并发写操作。另外,写锁也比读锁有更高的优先级,因此,一个写锁的请求,可能会被插入到读锁队列的前面(写锁能插入到锁队列的前面,反之,读锁不能插入到写锁的前面);
尽管存储引擎可以管理自己的锁,Mysql本身还是会使用各种有效的锁来实现不同的目的。例如:服务器会为诸如 ALTER TABLE 之类的语句使用表锁,而忽略存储引擎的锁机制。
行级锁:
行级锁可以最大程度的支持并发处理(同时也带来最大锁开销)。众所周知,在InnoDB 和XtraDB 以及其他一些存储引擎中实现了行级锁。行级锁只在存储引擎层实现,而Mysql服务器层没有实现。

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