mysql官方的介绍
In some cases, the server creates internal temporary tables while processing queries. Such a table can be held in memory and processed by the MEMORY storage engine, or stored on disk and processed by the MyISAM storage engine. The server may create a temporary table initially as an in-memory table, then convert it to an on-disk table if it becomes too large. Users have no direct control over when the server creates an internal temporary table or which storage engine the server uses to manage it
以下几种情况会创建临时表
UNION查询
用到TEMPTABLE算法或者是UNION查询中的视图
在JOIN查询中,ORDER BY或者GROUP BY使用了不是第一个表的列 例如:SELECT * from TableA, TableB ORDER BY TableA.price GROUP by TableB.name
表连接中,ORDER BY的列不是驱动表中的
DISTINCT查询并且加上ORDER BY时
SQL中用到SQL_SMALL_RESULT选项时
FROM中的子查询
子查询或者semi-join时创建的表
多表更新sql
GROUP_CONCAT() or COUNT(DISTINCT) evaluation
在以下几种情况下,会创建磁盘临时表
表包含TEXT或者BLOB列
在 GROUP BY 或者 DSTINCT 的列中有超过 512字符 的字符类型列(或者超过 512字节的 二进制类型列,在5.6.15之前只管是否超过512字节)
在SELECT、UNION、UNION ALL查询中,存在最大长度超过512的列(对于字符串类型是512个字符,对于二进制类型则是512字节)
执行SHOW COLUMNS/FIELDS、DESCRIBE等SQL命令,因为它们的执行结果用到了BLOB列类型
临时表相关配置
tmp_table_size:指定系统创建的内存临时表最大大小
max_heap_table_size: 指定用户创建的内存表的最大大小
The maximum size for in-memory temporary tables is the minimum of thetmp_table_size and max_heap_table_size values
优化建议
一般要避免使用临时表
1、在ORDER BY或者GROUP BY的列上创建索引
2、TEXT、BLOB等大字段,拆分表
从5.7.5开始,新增一个系统选项 internal_tmp_disk_storage_engine 可定义磁盘临时表的引擎类型为 InnoDB,而在这以前,只能使用 MyISAM。
在5.6.3以后新增的系统选项 default_tmp_storage_engine 是控制 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE 创建的临时表的引擎类型,在以前默认是MEMORY,不要把这二者混淆了
ysql> show variables like 'default_tmp%'; +----------------------------+--------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------------+--------+ | default_tmp_storage_engine | InnoDB | +----------------------------+--------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create temporary table tmp1(id int not null); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.17 sec) mysql> show create table tmp1 \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: tmp1 Create Table: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE `tmp1` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set default_tmp_storage_engine = myisam; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create temporary table tmp2 (id int(11) unsigned not null comment 'primary key' ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec) mysql> show create table tmp2 \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: tmp2 Create Table: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE `tmp2` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT 'primary key' ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql> set default_tmp_storage_engine = memory; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> create temporary table tmp3 (id int(11) unsigned not null comment 'primary key' ); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) mysql> show create table tmp3 \G *************************** 1. row *************************** Table: tmp3 Create Table: CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE `tmp3` ( `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT 'primary key' ) ENGINE=MEMORY DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

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