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HomeDatabaseMysql TutorialMySQL死锁问题实例分析及解决方法_MySQL

MySQL死锁问题的相关知识是本文我们主要要介绍的内容,接下来我们就来一一介绍这部分内容,希望能够对您有所帮助。


  1、MySQL常用存储引擎的锁机制


  MyISAM和MEMORY采用表级锁(table-level locking)


  BDB采用页面锁(page-level locking)或表级锁,默认为页面锁


  InnoDB支持行级锁(row-level locking)和表级锁,默认为行级锁


  2、各种锁特点


  表级锁:开销小,加锁快;不会出现死锁;锁定粒度大,发生锁冲突的概率最高,并发度最低


  行级锁:开销大,加锁慢;会出现死锁;锁定粒度最小,发生锁冲突的概率最低,并发度也最高


  页面锁:开销和加锁时间界于表锁和行锁之间;会出现死锁;锁定粒度界于表锁和行锁之间,并发度一般


  3、各种锁的适用场景


  表级锁更适合于以查询为主,只有少量按索引条件更新数据的应用,如Web应用


  行级锁则更适合于有大量按索引条件并发更新数据,同时又有并发查询的应用,如一些在线事务处理系统


  4、死锁


  是指两个或两个以上的进程在执行过程中,因争夺资源而造成的一种互相等待的现象,若无外力作用,它们都将无法推进下去。


  表级锁不会产生死锁.所以解决死锁主要还是针对于最常用的InnoDB.


  5、死锁举例分析


  在MySQL中,行级锁并不是直接锁记录,而是锁索引。索引分为主键索引和非主键索引两种,如果一条sql语句操作了主键索引,MySQL就会锁定这条主键索引;如果一条语句操作了非主键索引,MySQL会先锁定该非主键索引,再锁定相关的主键索引。


  在UPDATE、DELETE操作时,MySQL不仅锁定WHERE条件扫描过的所有索引记录(mysql中where后面条件筛选顺序为从左到右与oracle相反,如果where语句的第一个条件就是非主键索引怎会锁住改条件筛选的所有记录,所以第一个条件应该尽量是筛选掉最多可能重复记录的条件,或者前两个条件为联合索引能唯一确定记录,这样就能最大限度的避免死锁),而且会锁定相邻的键值,即所谓的next-key locking。


  例如,一个表db.tab_test,结构如下:


  id:主键;


  state:状态;


  time:时间;


  索引:idx_1 (state, time)


  出现死锁日志如下:


  ***(1) TRANSACTION: TRANSACTION 0 677833455, ACTIVE 0 sec, process no 11393, OS thread id 278546 starting index read mysql tables in use 1, locked 1 LOCK WAIT 3 lock struct(s), heap size 320 MySQL thread id 83, query id 162348740 dcnet03 dcnet Searching rows for update update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time

  原因分析:


  当“update tab_test set state=1064,time=now() where state=1061 and time

  假设“update tab_test set state=1067,time=now () where id in (9921180)”几乎同时执行时,本语句首先锁定主键索引,由于需要更新state的值,所以还需要锁定idx_1的某些索引记录。


  这样第一条语句锁定了idx_1的记录,等待主键索引,而第二条语句则锁定了主键索引记录,而等待idx_1的记录,这样死锁就产生了。


  6、解决办法


  拆分第一条sql,先查出符合条件的主键值,再按照主键更新记录:


  select id from tab_test where state=1061 and time

  关于MySQL死锁问题的实例分析及解决方法就介绍到这里了,希望本次的介绍能够对您有所收获!

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