事务全部是关于原子性的。原子性的概念是指可以把一些事情当做一个单元来看待。从数据库的角度看,它是指应全部执行或全部都不执行的一条或多条语句的最小组合。
为了理解事务的概念,需要能够定义非常明确的边界。事务要有非常明确的开始和结束点。SQL Server中的每一条SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE语句都是隐式事务的一部分。即使只发出一条语句,也会把这条语句当做一个事务-要么执行语句中的所有内容,要么什么都不执行。但是如果需要的不只是一条,可能是多条语句呢?在这种情况下,就需要有一种方法来标记事务的开始和结束,以及事务的成功或失败。可以使用一些T-SQL语句在事务中”标记”这些点。
BEGIN TRAN:设置起始点。
COMMIT TRAN:使事务成为数据库中永久的、不可逆转的一部分。
ROLLBACK TRAN:本质上说想要忘记它曾经发生过。
SAVE TRAN:创建一个特定标记符,只允许部分回滚。
一、BEGIN TRAN
事务的开始可能是事务过程中最容易理解的概念。它唯一的目的就是表示一个单元的开始。如果由于某种原因,不能或者不想提交事务,那么这就是所有数据库活动将要回滚的起点。也就是说,数据库会忽略这个起点之后的最终没有提交的所有语句。
语法如下:
BEGIN TRAN[SACTION] [ | ]
[ WITH MARK [] ]
二、COMMIT TRAN
事务的提交是一个事务的终点。当发出COMMIT TRAN命令时,可以认为该事务是持久的。也就是说,事务的影响现在是持久的并会持续,即使发生系统故障也不受影响(只要有备份或者数据库文件没有被物理破坏就行)。撤销已完成事务的唯一方法是发出一个新的事务。从功能上而言,该事务是对第一个事务的反转。
COMMIT TRAN语法如下:
COMMIT TRAN[SACTION] [ | ]
三、ROLLBACK TRAN
ROLLBACK做的事情是回到起点。从关联的BEGIN语句开始发生的任何事情事实上都会被忘记。
除了允许保存点外,ROLLBACK的语法看上去和BEGIN或COMMIT语句一样:
ROLLBACK TRAN[SACTION] [ | | | ]
四、SAVE TRAN
保存事务从本质上说就是创建书签(bookmark)。为书签建立一个名称,在建立了”书签”之后,可以在回滚中引用它。创建书签的好处是可以回滚到代码中的特定点上-只要为想要回滚到的那个保存点命名。
语法如下:
SAVE TRAN[SCATION] [ | ]
下面整个示例,先来建一张表如下:
<code class="hljs sql"> --================================================== --作者:龚德辉 --用途:生成新版报价 --日期:2015-11-04 --================================================== Create Proc UP_NewQuo ( @PricingCode as nvarchar(30), @NewPricingCode as nvarchar(30) ) --set @PricingCode='QT-150804-001' --set @NewPricingCode='QT-150804-001-1' as begin BEGIN TRAN Tran_NewVersion --开始事务 DECLARE @tran_error int; SET @tran_error = 0; BEGIN TRY insert into Quo_Standardcost SELECT '', ClientNo, ClientDes, ClientFullDes, [Description], PartNo, CurrencyCode, Rate, LabourCost, LabourRate, ProfitRate, TaxRate, Ismanufacture, qy, stype, Loss, CarryCostRate, CapitalOccupationRate, ManufacturingFlag, ManufacturingValue, ManufacturingRate, EngineerId, Engineer,@NewPricingCode , getdate(), Modifier, ModifyDate, [Priority], SaleRemark, PurRemark, RDRemark, FINRemark, IsSend, SendId, BusinessId, Qty, Amount, SubTotal, Scrap, MaterialCost, ManufacturingExpense, LaborCost, ProductionCost, TaxCost, CarryCost, Sales, MOQ1K, MOQ3K, [5K], [3K], [1K], ProjectNo FROM Quo_Standardcost WHERE (PricingCode = @PricingCode) insert into [Quo_Standardcostdetail] SELECT @NewPricingCode ,[Description] ,[Item] ,[Spec] ,[Usage] ,[Unit] ,[Currency] ,[Remarks] ,getdate() ,[Modifier] ,[ModifyDate] ,[MOQ] FROM [Quo_Standardcostdetail] WHERE (PricingCode = @PricingCode) SET @tran_error = @tran_error + @@ERROR; END TRY BEGIN CATCH PRINT '出现异常,错误编号:' + convert(varchar,error_number()) + ',错误消息:' + error_message() SET @tran_error = @tran_error + 1 END CATCH IF(@tran_error > 0) BEGIN --执行出错,回滚事务 ROLLBACK TRAN; PRINT '生成新版失败,取消生成!'; END ELSE BEGIN --没有异常,提交事务 COMMIT TRAN; PRINT '生成新版成功!'; END end</code>

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