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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial[MSSQL]SQLServer事务语法_MySQL

事务全部是关于原子性的。原子性的概念是指可以把一些事情当做一个单元来看待。从数据库的角度看,它是指应全部执行或全部都不执行的一条或多条语句的最小组合。
为了理解事务的概念,需要能够定义非常明确的边界。事务要有非常明确的开始和结束点。SQL Server中的每一条SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE和DELETE语句都是隐式事务的一部分。即使只发出一条语句,也会把这条语句当做一个事务-要么执行语句中的所有内容,要么什么都不执行。但是如果需要的不只是一条,可能是多条语句呢?在这种情况下,就需要有一种方法来标记事务的开始和结束,以及事务的成功或失败。可以使用一些T-SQL语句在事务中”标记”这些点。

BEGIN TRAN:设置起始点。
COMMIT TRAN:使事务成为数据库中永久的、不可逆转的一部分。
ROLLBACK TRAN:本质上说想要忘记它曾经发生过。
SAVE TRAN:创建一个特定标记符,只允许部分回滚。
一、BEGIN TRAN
  事务的开始可能是事务过程中最容易理解的概念。它唯一的目的就是表示一个单元的开始。如果由于某种原因,不能或者不想提交事务,那么这就是所有数据库活动将要回滚的起点。也就是说,数据库会忽略这个起点之后的最终没有提交的所有语句。

  语法如下:

  BEGIN TRAN[SACTION] [ | ]
  [ WITH MARK [] ]
二、COMMIT TRAN
  事务的提交是一个事务的终点。当发出COMMIT TRAN命令时,可以认为该事务是持久的。也就是说,事务的影响现在是持久的并会持续,即使发生系统故障也不受影响(只要有备份或者数据库文件没有被物理破坏就行)。撤销已完成事务的唯一方法是发出一个新的事务。从功能上而言,该事务是对第一个事务的反转。

  COMMIT TRAN语法如下:

  COMMIT TRAN[SACTION] [ | ]
三、ROLLBACK TRAN
  ROLLBACK做的事情是回到起点。从关联的BEGIN语句开始发生的任何事情事实上都会被忘记。

  除了允许保存点外,ROLLBACK的语法看上去和BEGIN或COMMIT语句一样:

  ROLLBACK TRAN[SACTION] [ | | | ]
四、SAVE TRAN
  保存事务从本质上说就是创建书签(bookmark)。为书签建立一个名称,在建立了”书签”之后,可以在回滚中引用它。创建书签的好处是可以回滚到代码中的特定点上-只要为想要回滚到的那个保存点命名。

  语法如下:

  SAVE TRAN[SCATION] [ | ]
  下面整个示例,先来建一张表如下:
  这里写图片描述
  

<code class="hljs sql">
--==================================================
--作者:龚德辉
--用途:生成新版报价
--日期:2015-11-04
--==================================================
Create Proc UP_NewQuo
(
 @PricingCode as nvarchar(30),
 @NewPricingCode as  nvarchar(30)
)
--set @PricingCode=&#39;QT-150804-001&#39;
--set @NewPricingCode=&#39;QT-150804-001-1&#39;
as
begin

BEGIN TRAN Tran_NewVersion    --开始事务

DECLARE @tran_error int;
SET @tran_error = 0;
    BEGIN TRY 

            insert into Quo_Standardcost 
            SELECT    &#39;&#39;, ClientNo, ClientDes, ClientFullDes, [Description], PartNo, CurrencyCode, Rate, LabourCost, 
                            LabourRate, ProfitRate, TaxRate, Ismanufacture, qy, stype, Loss, CarryCostRate, CapitalOccupationRate, 
                            ManufacturingFlag, ManufacturingValue, ManufacturingRate, EngineerId, Engineer,@NewPricingCode , getdate(), Modifier, 
                            ModifyDate, [Priority], SaleRemark, PurRemark, RDRemark, FINRemark, IsSend, SendId, BusinessId, Qty, Amount, 
                            SubTotal, Scrap, MaterialCost, ManufacturingExpense, LaborCost, ProductionCost, TaxCost, CarryCost, Sales, MOQ1K, 
                            MOQ3K, [5K], [3K], [1K], ProjectNo
            FROM      Quo_Standardcost
            WHERE   (PricingCode = @PricingCode)

            insert into [Quo_Standardcostdetail]
            SELECT 
                   @NewPricingCode
                  ,[Description]
                  ,[Item]
                  ,[Spec]
                  ,[Usage]
                  ,[Unit]
                  ,[Currency]
                  ,[Remarks]
                  ,getdate()
                  ,[Modifier]
                  ,[ModifyDate]
                  ,[MOQ]
              FROM  [Quo_Standardcostdetail]
              WHERE   (PricingCode = @PricingCode)


        SET @tran_error = @tran_error + @@ERROR;
    END TRY

BEGIN CATCH
    PRINT &#39;出现异常,错误编号:&#39; + convert(varchar,error_number()) + &#39;,错误消息:&#39; + error_message()
    SET @tran_error = @tran_error + 1
END CATCH

IF(@tran_error > 0)
    BEGIN
        --执行出错,回滚事务
        ROLLBACK TRAN;
        PRINT &#39;生成新版失败,取消生成!&#39;;
    END
ELSE
    BEGIN
        --没有异常,提交事务
        COMMIT TRAN;
        PRINT &#39;生成新版成功!&#39;;
    END

end</code>
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