How to convert IP addresses and strings to and from each other in Golang

Go language (Golang) is an open source programming language developed by Google. It has the characteristics of fast, efficient, easy to read, concise and powerful syntax. In network programming, it is often necessary to convert IP addresses and strings to and from each other. This article will introduce how to convert IP addresses and strings in Golang.

About IP Address

An IP address is a unique address used to identify a computer on a network. In the IPv4 protocol, an IP address consists of four 8-bit integers, ranging from 0-255, separated by dot separators, for example: 192.168.1.1. In the IPv6 protocol, the length of an IP address is 128 bits, expressed as eight groups of 16-bit integers, each group is separated by a colon separator, for example: 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334.

The IP address in Golang is represented by the net.IP type, which is a byte array whose length varies according to the protocol used. The length of an IPv4 address is 4 bytes, and the length of an IPv6 address is 16 bytes. In Golang, the net package provides many functions for converting IP addresses and strings.

IP address to string

Converting IP address to string is a problem that often needs to be dealt with in network programming. In Golang, the IP address can be converted into a string using the net.IP.String() method:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
    fmt.Println("IP Address:", ip.String())
}

Output: IP Address: 192.168.1.1

In this example, we use The net.ParseIP() function parses a string into an IP address and converts it to a string using the net.IP.String() method.

Convert string to IP address

Conversely, you can also convert string to IP address. In Golang, you can use the net.ParseIP() function to convert a string to an IP address. If the string is not a valid IP address, nil is returned.

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("192.168.1.1")
    if ip != nil {
        fmt.Println("IP Address:", ip)
    } else {
        fmt.Println("Invalid IP Address")
    }
}

Output: IP Address: 192.168.1.1

However, if the string is an IPv6 address, you need to use the net.ParseIP() function to convert it to an IPv6 address of net.IP type . The sample code is as follows:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "net"
)

func main() {
    ip := net.ParseIP("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334")
    if ip != nil {
        fmt.Println("IP Address:", ip)
    } else {
        fmt.Println("Invalid IP Address")
    }
}

Output: IP Address: 2001:db8:85a3::8a2e:370:7334

Summary

This article introduces how to do IP in Golang Convert addresses and strings to each other. IP address is a very important concept in network programming. By mastering the IP address conversion method, we can perform network programming more flexibly. By using the functions provided by Golang's net package, we can easily convert IP addresses and strings to each other, improving the efficiency and convenience of network programming.

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