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HomeWeb Front-endFront-end Q&AWhat is html anti-escaping?

What is html anti-escaping?

Apr 24, 2023 pm 02:49 PM

HTML反转义(HTML Decode)是指将HTML特殊字符转义回原来的字符或数字。在HTML中,一些字符是有特殊含义的,如小于号()、&等,称为HTML实体字符。这些字符在HTML页面中的显示和排版起着重要的作用,但它们也可能偶尔会引起问题。

当我们需要输入HTML实体字符时,需要在HTML代码中使用相应的实体名称或数字编码。例如,使用“”代替大于号。但有时我们从其他源获取了HTML代码,比如从网上复制的某段文章或代码,这些HTML实体字符可能已经被转义过了,变成了类似“<”、“>”这样的形式。

这时候就需要对这些HTML实体字符进行反转义,还原它们原本的形式,才能保证页面正常显示和运行。HTML反转义的方法非常简单,可以使用很多语言的内置函数或者外部库来实现。

在PHP中,可以使用htmlspecialchars_decode()函数来进行反转义操作:

$str = "<p>这是一段包含HTML实体字符的文本</p>";
echo htmlspecialchars_decode($str);

输出结果为:

<p>这是一段包含HTML实体字符的文本</p>

在Python中,可以使用html.unescape()函数来进行反转义操作:

import html

str = "<p>这是一段包含HTML实体字符的文本</p>"
print(html.unescape(str))

输出结果为:

<p>这是一段包含HTML实体字符的文本</p>

在JavaScript中,可以使用外部库he来进行反转义操作:

const he = require('he');

let str = "<p>这是一段包含HTML实体字符的文本</p>";
console.log(he.decode(str));

输出结果为:

<p>这是一段包含HTML实体字符的文本</p>

HTML反转义并不是一个绕不过去的障碍,也不是一个很大的问题。但如果忽略了这些特殊字符对应的转义形式,可能会导致一些错误,例如页面无法正常显示、代码受到攻击等。因此,在处理HTML代码时,一定要慎用特殊字符、规范化HTML实体字符的使用、并在必要的时候进行反转义操作。

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