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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP Tutorial详细解读PHP中接口的应用_PHP

接口
PHP类是单继承,也就是不支持多继承,当一个类需要多个类的功能时,继承就无能为力了,为此PHP引入了接口技术

如果一个抽象类里面的所有方法都是抽象方法,且没有声明变量,而且接口里面所有的成员都是public权限的,那么这种特殊的抽象类就叫接口

接口使用interface关键字定义,并使用implements来实现接口的方法,且必须完全实现

实现一个接口

下面给出PHP接口实现的一个实际例子,在此创建并实现了一个名为IPillage的接口,IPillage接口如下:

interface IPillage
{
 function emptyBakAccount();
 function burnDocument();
}

然后通过Executive类实现此接口:

class Executive extends Employee implements IPillage
{
 private $totalStockOptions;
 function emptyBankAccount()
 {
  echo "Call CFO and ask to transfer funds to Swiss bank account.";
 }
 function burnDocuments()
 {
  echo "Torch the office suite.";
 }
}

因为公司中所有级别的人都能进行侵占,所以可以有Assistant类实现此接口:

class Assistant extends Employee implements IPillage
{
 function takeMome()
 {
  echo "Taking memo...";
 }
 function emptyBankAccount()
 {
  echo "Go on shopping spree with office credit card.";
 }
 function burnDocuments()
 {
  echo "Start small fire in the trash can.";
 }
}

可以看到,接口特别有用。因为,虽然它们定义了发生某一行为需要多少个方法,以及各个方法的名字,但接口允许不同的类,以不同的方式来实现这些方法。在这个例子中,对于烧文件的方法,Assistdnt类只是把文件在垃圾筒里烧掉,而Executive类则通过更过分的方式来做到(将它的办公室烧掉)。

实现多个接口

如果我们允许外来承包商侵占公司是不公平的,毕竟公司是在所有全职员工的努力之下建立的。就是说,怎样为员工提供工作和侵占公司的功能,而限制承包商只能完成所需的任务呢?解决的办法是将这些任务分成几项任务,然后实现必要的多个接口。PHPS 支持这个特性。考虑如下例子:

<&#63;php
 interface IEmployee{...}
 interface IDeveloper{...}
 interface IPillage{...}
 class Employee implements IEmployee,IDeveloper,iPillage {
 ...
 }
 class Contractor implements IEmployee,IDeveloper {
 ...
 }
&#63;>


抽象类和接口的区别
接口是一个特殊的抽象类,也可以看作是一个模型的规范。接口与抽象类大致区别如下:

    一个子类如果implements一个接口,就必须实现接口中的所有方法(不管是否需要);如果继承一个抽象类,只需要实现需要的方法即可
    如果一个接口中定义的方法名改变了,那么所有实现此接口的子类需要同步更新方法名;而抽象类中如果方法名改变了,其子类对应的方法名将不受影响,只是变成了一个新的方法而已
    抽象类只能单继承,当一个子类需要实现的功能需要继承多个父类时,就必须使用接口


代码示例


 <&#63;php 
  
 /** 
  * 声明接口Demo 
  * @author wzy 
  * 
  */ 
 interface Demo 
 { 
  
  const NAME = "wangzhengyi"; 
  
  const AGE = 25; 
  
  function fun1 (); // 声明方法默认是public abstract 
  function fun2 (); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 声明接口的继承Demo2 
  * 
  * @author wzy 
  *   
  */ 
 interface Demo2 extends Demo 
 { 
  
  function fun3 (); 
  
  function fun4 (); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 声明接口Demo3 
  * 
  * @author wzy 
  *   
  */ 
 interface Demo3 
 { 
  
  function fun5 (); 
  
  function fun6 (); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 声明父类ParentClass 
  * 
  * @author wzy 
  *   
  */ 
 class ParentClass 
 { 
  
  function fun7 (); 
 } 
  
 /** 
  * 子类必须实现接口中所有的方法 
  * 
  * @author wzy 
  *   
  */ 
 class ChildClass extends ParentClass implements Demo2, Demo3 
 { 
  
  function fun1 (); 
  
  function fun2 (); 
  
  function fun3 (); 
  
  function fun4 (); 
  
  function fun5 (); 
  
  function fun6 (); 
 } 

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