How to make input element read-only using CSS

In web development, form elements are a very common element type. The input element is one of them, which can accept user input, including text, numbers, dates, etc. But sometimes we need to set the input element to read-only, which means that the user cannot enter anything and can only view it. This article will explain how to use CSS to make an input element read-only.

First, let's take a look at how a normal input element is created:

<input type="text" name="username" id="username">

This is a basic text input box where the user can enter anything. Next, we need to set it to read-only. To do this, we can use the "readonly" attribute of the input element, as shown below:

<input type="text" name="username" id="username" readonly>

When the "readonly" attribute is set, the user will not be able to enter text. However, this method has a flaw, that is, the user can modify the attributes of the input element through the editing tool and make it editable. Therefore, we need to use CSS to control the read-only status of the input element to ensure that it is read-only under any circumstances.

Use CSS to set read-only input elements

Here is how we use CSS to set input elements to read-only. First, we use the "input[readonly]" selector to select all input elements that contain the "readonly" attribute, and then we add the "pointer-events:none" and "background-color:#eee" CSS style properties to it.

input[readonly] {
   pointer-events:none;
   background-color:#eee;
}

The "pointer-events:none" attribute will prevent the user from performing any operations on the read-only input element through the mouse or other pointing device, such as clicks, mouse movement in/out, etc. It ensures that input elements are not misoperated by users.

The "background-color:#eee" attribute is to distinguish read-only input elements from other editable input elements, making it easier to distinguish.

This is a complete CSS style for the read-only input element:

input[readonly] {
   pointer-events:none;
   background-color:#eee;
   border:none;
   color:#999;
}

In this style, we also added the "border:none" and "color:#999" attributes. This will make read-only input elements darker to distinguish them from other editable elements.

Of course, you can customize these styles according to your needs. For example, you can set the background color of a read-only input element to gray and the font color to dark gray to better suit the style of your website.

The last thing to note is that although using CSS to set a read-only input element can ensure that it is read-only under all circumstances, the data coming from the server still needs to be validated and filtered. In particular, the verification and processing of form data need to be handled with caution.

Conclusion

CSS is a very powerful tool that allows us to easily control the style of elements on the website, including the read-only state of input elements. By using "pointer-events:none" and "background-color:#eee", we can ensure that the input element is read-only under any circumstances and avoid user misoperation. At the same time, we also need to pay attention to the verification and filtering of form data to ensure data security.

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